能性述补结构“V得/不住”的情态特征及演变机制  

On the Modality and Evolutionary Mechanism of the Potential Verb-complement Construction“V de/buzhu(得/不住)”

作　　者：周红[1] ZHOU Hong(School of International Cultural Exchange,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学国际文化交流学院,上海200433

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2024年第2期85-92,共8页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于情态视角的汉语能性述补结构研究”(17BYY146)。

摘　　要：能性述补结构“V得/不住”基于动力学图式,表达叙说者对主客观条件作用下事件或命题能否停留、稳固、经受等可能性的主观表现。该结构经历了由空间域到状态域、时间域的放射性隐喻扩展,多表动力情态,表认识情态和估价时已经词汇化。“V得/不住”在认知域、情态类型方面对称,在使用频率和语体方面不对称,与“(不)能V住”“(不)能V得住”在主观性程度上不同。“V得住”的语法化早于“V不住”,均受到了语义虚化、句法结构、语用因素等制约。The paper argues that“V de/buzhu(得/不住)”is based on the“force dynamics”schema,which is a potential verb-complement construction,expressing the narrator’s subjective representation of the possibility of whether an event or proposition can stay,be stable,or endure under the action of subjective and objective conditions.The structure has experienced a radioactive metaphorical expansion from the spatial domain to the state domain and the time domain.It mostly expresses the dynamical modality,which has been lexicalized when expressing the cognitive modality and valuation.“V de/buzhu(得/不住)”is symmetrical in terms of cognitive domain and modal categories,but asymmetrical in terms of frequency of use and style.It is different from“(bu)(不)neng V zhu(能V住)”and“(bu)(不)neng V dezhu(能V得住)”in terms of subjectivity.The grammaticalization of“V dezhu(得住)”precedes that of“V buzhu(不住)”,and both are subject to the constraints of semantic weaking,syntactic structure,and pragmatic factors.

关 键 词：“V得/不住” 情态 动力学图式 对称与不对称 语法化与词汇化 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]