青藏高原形成演化动力机制及其远程效应  

Evolutionary geodynamics and remote effects of the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：刘德民[1] 王杰[2,3] 姜淮 赵悦 郭铁鹰 杨巍然[1] LIU Demin;WANG Jie;JIANG Huai;ZHAO Yue;GUO Tieying;YANG Weiran(School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Seismology,China Earthqueke Administration,Wuhan 430071,China;Hubei Earthquake Agency,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地震局地震研究所,湖北武汉430071 [3]湖北省地震局,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《地学前缘》2024年第1期154-169,共16页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国地质大学(武汉)研究生联合培养实践基地建设项目(YJC2021506);山西省忻州奇村—顿村一带干热岩地热资源调查项目(2022016044)。

摘　　要：作为第三极的青藏高原的形成是新生代以来的地球节律构造事件中最典型、最显著的新构造运动的结果,其构造地貌特征及其重要性,内部单元组成,构造演化历程及动力机制,以及对周边盆地乃至整个中国大陆的影响及远程效应至今一直是学术关注的焦点。本文重新圈定了青藏高原构造地貌范围,确立了其在全球构造中的地位。青藏高原的远程效应向南北两侧延伸,北到北冰洋,南到太平洋,总体上围绕东经105°经线穿越了整个亚洲大陆,本文采用东经105°所在经线大圆作为划分东西半球的分界线,该线以东为东半球,以西为西半球。青藏高原处于全球最大、最重要的南北向构造和东西向构造的交汇处,其内部的帕米尔高原更是区域构造的中流砥柱。青藏高原起源于帕米尔高原,它是一个印支期的热穹窿,晚期转化出一条直径200 km的异常重力柱,垂直下沉至600 km,构成一个垂向上的挤压-伸展构造,完成于白垩纪。以它为中心向东西扩展,东边三条、西边一条水平方向挤压-伸展构造。喜山期它还遭受到岩体的侵入,白垩系基本上未变形。古近纪,印度陆块与亚洲陆块碰撞,形成先压后升的雄伟的喜马拉雅造山带。以它为中心向北扩展,第四纪3个地幔枝上升,导致整个青藏高原上升。青藏高原形成与演化的深部动力机制模型:早期表现为地质体在垂向上的离心运动和在水平上的伸展运动;后期是以挤压为主的阶段,表现为地质体在垂向上的向心运动和水平上的挤压运动。从驱动力的角度,早期以热能为主驱动力,后期以重力势能为主驱动力。青藏高原的隆升及其形成演化是欧亚陆块新生代最令人瞩目的地质事件,其直接影响到岩石圈浅部及地壳表层与人类生存发展息息相关的地形地貌、能源、资源、生态、环境和灾害等,产生了具有举足轻重的近区及远程效应。3个远程The formation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as Earth’s“third pole”is the most distinguishing and significant result of neotectonic movements under Earth’s rhythmic tectonic events since the Cenozoic era.The characteristics and importance of tectonic landforms in the region,the tectonic regime of the plateau,the evolutionary dynamics and the impact and long-range effects of the plateau uplift on peripheral basins and even the entire Chinese subcontinent have been the focus of academic attention to this day.This article redefines the range of tectonic landforms of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and establishes the importance of the plateau uplift to global tectonics.According to the results,the remote effects of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its south/north extension spans across Asian along 105°E longitude,in general,reaching the Arctic Ocean in the north and reaching the Pacific Ocean in the south.Hence,this article uses the large circle of 105°E longitude as the dividing line between the Eastern(to the east of the line)and Western Hemispheres.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is location at the intersection of the world’s largest and most important north-south and east-west structures,and the Pamir Plateau is the backbone of regional structures.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau originates from the Pamir Plateau,a thermal dome during the Indosinian period,which later transformed into an abnormal gravity column with a diameter of 200 km and sank 600 km vertically to form a vertical open-close structure to be completed in the Cretaceous period.From the Pamir Plateau at the center there are three horizontal compressional-extensional tectonics expanding to the east,and one to the west.During the Xishan period,the Pamir Plateau also experienced igneous intrusion,while its Cretaceous structure remained largely undeformed.In the Paleogene,the India-Asia collision formed the magnificent Himalayan orogenic belt that was first compressed and then uplifted.Expanding northward from the Himalayas three mantle branches rose during the Q

关 键 词：青藏高原 帕米尔高原 地热能 地幔枝 动力机制 构造演化 远程效应 

分 类 号：P541[天文地球—构造地质学]