沉积盆地波动过程分析:研究现状与展望  

Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins:Review and outlook

作　　者：金之钧 陈书平[4] 张瑞[1,2,3] JIN Zhijun;CHEN Shuping;ZHANG Rui(Institute of Energy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development,Beijing 102206,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学能源研究院,北京100871 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院造山带和地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京102206 [4]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《地学前缘》2024年第1期284-296,共13页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42090020,42090025,42172138,42102166)。

摘　　要：沉积盆地的波状运动是板块内部地壳运动的主要表现形式,沉积盆地的形成演化是地球系统中各种波动过程相互叠加的结果。盆地波动过程分析从沉积速率时间序列中分解出有周期规律的波动曲线,获得盆地演化历史的新认识,主要包括控制盆地演化的波动周期与成藏旋回、盆地地壳升降运动与油气生成及热演化的关系、不整合面的时空分布与剥蚀量恢复、多尺度波动叠加控制下的地层格架时空分布与生储盖层配置关系、隆拗变迁规律与油气藏保存的关系等。盆地波动过程分析技术将成盆、成烃和成藏的研究思路与地壳的波动过程有机融合,可以定量描述油气成藏动态演化过程,对油气勘探实践具有指导作用。沉积盆地波动过程研究未来应着重开展超长天文周期与地球深部动力学旋回驱动的盆地波动机制研究,加强地质证据与数值模拟技术融合,完善盆地波动过程分析方法,推进盆地波动理论成果转化以全面理解圈层相互作用与资源环境效应。充分发挥盆地波动分析技术对油气藏分布规律的预测功能,为油气资源远景评价与勘探提供科学依据。The fluctuation of sedimentary basins is the primary manifestation of crustal movement within the plates,while the formation and evolution of the basins result from the superposition of various fluctuation processes within the Earth system.Fluctuation analysis for sedimentary basins involves decomposition of periodic fluctuation curves from sedimentation rate time series,which has led to a new understanding of the evolutionary history of sedimentary basins.New insights include the fluctuation cycles controlling basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation episodes;the relationships between basin crustal uplift/subsidence and hydrocarbon generation or thermal evolution;the spatial-temporal distribution of unconformities and erosion recovery;the spatial-temporal distribution of stratigraphic frameworks and configuration of source-reservoir-cap strata controlled by the superposition of multi-scale fluctuation processes;and the relationship between tectonic evolution patterns and hydrocarbon reservoir preservation.Through fluctuation analysis by integrating basin formation and hydrocarbon generation and accumulation with crustal fluctuation,a quantitative description of the dynamic evolution process of hydrocarbon accumulation can be achieved to guide oil and gas exploration practices.Future outlooks for this research field are clarifying the mechanism of basin fluctuation driven by long-term astronomical periods and deep Earth dynamic cycles,integrating geological evidence with numerical simulation techniques,advancing the fluctuation analysis method,and promoting the use of new theoretical insights to comprehensively understand the multi-spherical interactions and their environmental and resource impacts.Leveraging the predictive value of basin fluctuation analysis in hydrocarbon accumulation patterns can provide scientific support for the exploration and long-term evaluation of oil and gas resources.

关 键 词：圈层相互作用 地壳波状运动 地球动力学 天文周期 油气成藏 烃源岩 

分 类 号：P541[天文地球—构造地质学] TE122[天文地球—地质学]