中国农村家庭分化对耕地利用方式的影响——基于全国百县万家农户的调查  

The impact of family differentiation on the pattern of farmland utilization in rural China:Based on a nationwide survey of thousands of households in one hundred counties

作　　者：陈韵凌 王茂军[1] 曹广忠[2] 刘涛[2] 蔡蓓蕾 CHEN Yun-ling;WANG Mao-jun;CAO Guang-zhong;LIU Tao;CAI Bei-lei(College of Resource,Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2024年第2期392-410,共19页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100803)。

摘　　要：城镇化背景下,人口的规模外流重塑了中国农村家庭类型,耕地利用方式相应呈多元化特征。区别于既往强调家庭特征的独立指标,本文提供了一种兼顾家庭离村情况、留村人口代际组合的农村家庭类型划分范式,并构建了农户耕地利用决策假说。基于全国抽样的万份农户问卷数据,采用多项Logit模型分析了农村家庭类型分化对耕地利用方式的影响。研究发现:(1)全家在村家庭比率呈“东—中—西”递减态势,城乡两栖家庭比率呈“东—中—西”递增态势。留村人口中,中坚型农户集中于东部,完整型、老幼型农户集中于中、西部。(2)全家在村家庭倾向于种植经济作物;城乡两栖家庭倾向于土地转出及种植粮食。(3)全家在村的中坚型、完整型农户分别倾向于种植粮食、经济作物;城乡两栖的中坚型、完整型农户倾向于种植粮食作物,老幼型农户倾向于转出、撂荒耕地或种植林木。(4)农村家庭的本地非农就业、地块数量、家庭资产、农业补贴等因素也对耕地利用方式产生显著影响。研究结论可为耕地用途管制政策的顶层设计提供农村家庭耕地决策行为的底层逻辑,为因户、因类施策依据提供现实参考。In the context of urbanization,rural-to-urban migration has been pivotal in transforming the structure of rural households,which has subsequently led to a diversification in farmland use.Departing from previous indicators focusing on isolated household features,this study presents a novel framework for categorizing rural household types.It integrates family household migration and intergenerational demographic composition within the village,thereby proposing hypotheses regarding the decision-making for farmland use among rural households.Based on questionnaire data from representative thousands of rural households nationwide,this study employed the Multinomial Logit(MNL)Model to analyze the impact of different rural household types on farmland utilization patterns.The results show that:(1)Following an Eastern-Central-Western gradient,the proportion of families residing entirely in villages decreases,whereas the proportion of urban-rural dual-residence families increases.Middle-type households concentrate in the eastern region,whereas complete-type and dependency-type households cluster in the central and western regions.(2)Families residing entirely in villages tend to engage in cash crop cultivation,while urban-rural dualresidence families are inclined towards land transfer and grain cultivation.(3)Middle-type and complete-type households residing entirely in villages tend to cultivate grain and cash crops,respectively.Middle-type and complete-type households with an urban-rural dual-residence show a preference for growing grain crops,while dependency-type households tend to transfer out,abandon farmland,or engage in forest cultivation.(4)Local non-farm employment,number of land plots,household assets,and agricultural subsidies significantly influence farmland utilization patterns.The study's findings offer theoretical support for the implementation of policies that regulate farmland use on a family household differentiation basis.

关 键 词：农村家庭 耕地利用方式 耕地非粮化 土地流转 耕地撂荒 影响因素 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]