全球钴资源贸易网络演化及其启示  

Changes of global cobalt trade network and implications

作　　者：赵晞泉 陈伟[1,2] ZHAO Xiquan;CHEN Wei(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2024年第1期100-113,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK1007);国家自然科学基金项目(42130508,42230406)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究全球钴资源贸易网络演化,对于理解全球钴市场和钴供应态势具有重要意义。【方法】从产品链视角出发,本文构建了钴矿石、钴化合物和钴及其制品的全球贸易网络,综合运用多种网络分析方法,刻画全球钴贸易规模时序变化,揭示不同产品类型钴贸易网络的空间格局与拓扑结构,以期为保障中国钴供应安全提供参考。【结果】(1)全球钴贸易规模在波动中上升,不同钴产品的贸易发展态势具有明显差异,钴及其制品成为全球钴资源贸易的主要形式。(2)全球钴贸易网络呈现出空间分异特征,钴贸易向少数国家(地区)集聚趋势明显,不同产品类型钴贸易网络的空间组织形态具有较大差异。(3)钴矿石和钴化合物贸易网络日渐松散,钴及其制品贸易网络稠密化程度显著提升,3类钴产品贸易网络的传输效率均随时间增强。(4)全球钴贸易网络均具有显著的核心—边缘结构特征,核心结构和边缘结构层级界限清晰,各国(地区)在网络中的角色仍处于动态调整中。(5)中国、英国、美国、德国和荷兰等国家(地区)长期处于贸易网络的中心位置,韩国、法国和芬兰等国是其中两类钴产品贸易网络的关键国家(地区),奥地利和斯洛伐克、西班牙和意大利、加拿大和日本等国分别在3类钴产品贸易网络中占据重要地位,刚果(金)对钴产品链的整体运行具有较强控制力。【结论】在厘清全球钴贸易网络结构演化特征基础上,中国需对钴产品链各环节制定差异化政策,有针对性地实施贸易策略,从而保障中国钴供应安全和稳定。[Objective]Examining the change of the global cobalt trade network is significant for understanding the global cobalt market and supply situation.[Methods]From the perspective of the product chain,this study constructed a global trade network for cobalt ores,cobalt compound,and cobalt and its products.Multiple network analysis methods were used to depict the temporal change in the scale of global cobalt trade,revealing the spatial pattern and topological structure of cobalt trade networks of different product types,to provide a reference for ensuring China’s cobalt supply security.[Results](1)The scale of global cobalt trade is increasing with fluctuations,and the trade development trends of different cobalt products have obvious differences.Cobalt and its products have become the main form of global cobalt trade.(2)The global cobalt trade networks exhibit spatial differentiation characteristics,with a clear trend of cobalt trade agglomeration towards a few countries and regions.The spatial organization of cobalt trade networks for different product types have significant differences.(3)The trade networks of cobalt ores and cobalt compound are becoming increasingly loose,and the density of the trade network of cobalt and its products has significantly increased.The transmission efficiencies of the three types of cobalt product trade networks have increased over time.(4)The global cobalt trade networks have significant core-periphery structural characteristics,with clear hierarchical boundaries between core and periphery structures.The roles of countries in the networks are dynamically adjusted.(5)Countries such as China,the United Kingdom,the United States,Germany,and the Netherlands have long been at the center of trade networks.South Korea,France,and Finland are key countries in two types of cobalt trade networks,while Austria and Slovakia,Spain and Italy,Canada and Japan respectively occupy important positions in the three types of cobalt trade networks.The Democratic Republic of Congo has strong control ove

关 键 词：钴资源 钴贸易 产品链 贸易网络 拓扑结构 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济] F742