基于德尔菲法构建再生障碍性贫血患者的健康教育方案  

The health education program for patients with aplastic anemia was constructed based on Delphi method

作　　者：史爱华[1] 胡蓉华[1] 常晓丽 SHI Aihua;HU Ronghua;CHANG Xiaoli(Hematology Department,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学宣武医院血液科,北京100053

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2024年第1期106-110,共5页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(编号:Z20J00121)。

摘　　要：目的 基于德尔菲法构建再生障碍性贫血(AA)患者的健康教育方案,以期为AA患者提供科学的、合理的健康教育指导。方法 以知信行为理论基础,通过文献回顾、半结构式访谈法拟定健康教育方案的初稿,选取15名专家运用德尔菲法开展2轮咨询,基于专家建议对初稿的条目及维度进行修改,最终构建基于知信行理论的AA患者健康教育方案。结果 2轮专家函询问卷回收率均为100%;2轮专家函询中的专家权威程度(Cr)分别为0.893、0.885。第1轮函询中一级条目、二级条目、三级条目专家肯德尔协调系数分别为0.572、0.546、0.512(P<0.05),重要性赋值均数均大于2.97分,变异系数为0.05~0.23,满分率为19.95%~93.42%;第2轮函询中一级条目、二级条目、三级条目专家肯德尔协调系数分别为0.681、0.679、0.548(P<0.05),重要性赋值均数均大于4.08分,变异系数为0.00~0.17,满分率为25.00%~100.00%。最终形成AA患者的健康教育方案[包括3个一级指标(健康知识、健康信念、健康行为)、16个二级指标、55个三级指标]。结论 该研究构建的健康教育方案可信程度较高,指标体系权威性好,权重合理。Objective To construct a health education program for patients with aplastic anemia(AA)based on Delphi method,so as to provide scientific and reasonable health education guidance for AA patients.Methods Guided by the knowledge-attitude-practice theory,the first draft of the health education program was developed through literature research and semi-structured interview.The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation with 15 experts.Based on the expert recommendations,the items and dimensions of the first draft were modified,and the health education program for AA patients was finally constructed.Results The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert questionnaires was 100%.The degree of expert authority(Cr)in the two rounds of expert consultation was 0.893 and 0.885,respectively.In the first round of consultation,the Kendall coordination coefficients of the first-level items,the second-level items and the third-level items were 0.572,0.546 and 0.512,respectively(P<0.05).The mean of importance assignment was greater than 2.97,the coefficient of variation was 0.05-0.23,and the full score rate was 19.95%-93.42%.In the second round of consultation,the Kendall coordination coefficients of first-level items,second-level items and third-level items were 0.681,0.679 and 0.548(P<0.05),respectively.The mean of importance assignment was greater than 4.08 points,the coefficient of variation was 0.00-0.17,and the full score rate was 25.00%-100.00%.Finally,a health education program for AA patients was formed[including 3 first-level indicators(health knowledge,health belief,health behavior),16 second-level indicators,and 55 third-level indicators].Conclusion The health education program constructed in this study has a high degree of credibility,the index system is authoritative and the weight is reasonable.

关 键 词：再生障碍性贫血 健康教育 免疫抑制治疗 德尔菲法 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学] R556.5[医药卫生—临床医学]