水晶蜜柚果实无籽机理细胞学研究  

Cytological study on seedless fruit mechanism of Shuijing honey pomelo

作　　者：李爱基 曾丽萍 吴芳芳 李语琳 汪奇 沈雁 黄家权 安烁宇 李新国 LI Aiji;ZENG Liping;WU Fangfang;LI Yulin;WANG Qi;SHEN Yan;HUANG Jiaquan;AN Shouyu;LI Xinguo(School of Tropical Agricuture and Foresty,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,Hainan,China;Hainan Chengmai County Honey Pomelo Institute,Chengmai 571900,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570208 [2]海南省澄迈县蜜柚研究所,海南澄迈571900

出　　处：《经济林研究》2023年第4期209-217,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(320QN194)。

摘　　要：【目的】水晶蜜柚原产于马来西亚,是海南柚类的主栽品种之一,但有关水晶蜜柚果实无籽的原因未见报道,探究水晶蜜柚果实无籽原因可为蜜柚高效栽培和育种提供理论依据。【方法】从水晶蜜柚的花粉活力与萌芽率、花粉母细胞减数分裂,花粉管伸长荧光显微观察、杂交实验、胚胎胚囊石蜡切片观察等细胞学角度研究水晶蜜柚果实的无籽机理。【结果】水晶蜜柚活力强的花粉76.58%,萌芽率88.48%;花粉母细胞减数分裂正常,但出现异常二分体和三分体现象;水晶蜜柚杂交的花粉管能伸长至子房并到达胚珠,完成受精作用,而自交的花粉管只能伸长到花柱中下部,到达不了子房,不能完成受精作用;水晶蜜柚胚胎胚囊石蜡切片显示不做处理和自交的胚胎发育一致,前期发育正常,能观察到胚胎从幼胚发育到鱼蕾形胚,鱼雷形胚时胚囊出现中空异常状态,珠柄消失;杂交的胚胎能从幼胚正常发育到子叶胚,珠柄未消失,有发育成种子的迹象;水晶蜜柚与三红蜜柚杂交的坐果率为21%,其自交和去雄套袋不授粉的坐果率只有3%和2%;杂交所得的果实的种子为饱满可育的种子,其自交和去雄套袋不授粉的种子为败育和退化的种子。【结论】水晶蜜柚花粉育性正常,花粉母细胞减数分裂正常,胚囊正常可育,水晶蜜柚无籽的原因是自交不亲和且具有单性结实能力。【Objective】Shuijing honey pomelo,which originated in Malaysia,is one of the main varieties of Hainan pomelo.However,the reason of seedless fruit of Shuijing honey pomelo has not been reported.Exploring the reason of seedless fruit of Shuijing honey pomelo can provide theoretical basis for efficient cultivation and breeding of pomelo.【Method】The seedless mechanism of Shuijing honey pomelo fruit was studied from the aspects of cytology,such as pollen viability and germination rate,pollen mother cell meiosis,fluorescent microscopic observation of pollen tube elongation,hybridization experiment and paraffin section observation of embryo sac.【Result】The pollen with strong vitality of Shuijing honey pomelo is 76.58%,and the germination rate is 88.48%;Pollen mother cell Meiosis was normal,but abnormal dichotomy and triad appeared;The Pollen tube of Shuijing honey pomelo hybrid can extend to the ovary to reach the ovule and complete fertilization,while the self bred Pollen tube can only extend to the middle and lower part of the style and cannot reach the ovary and complete fertilization;The paraffin section of the embryo sac of Shuijing honey pomelo shows that the development of untreated and self pollinated embryos is consistent,and the early development is normal.It can be observed that the embryo develops from immature embryos to fish bud shaped embryos,and during torpedo shaped embryos,the embryo sac appears hollow and abnormal,and the funicle disappears;The hybrid embryo can develop normally from immature embryos to cotyledon embryos,with no disappearance of the funicle and signs of developing into seeds;The fruit setting rate of the hybrid between Shuijing honey pomelo and Sanhong honey pomelo is 21%,while the fruit setting rates of self pollination and bagging without pollination are only 3%and 2%;The seeds of the fruit obtained from hybridization are plump and fertile,while the seeds that are self pollinated,emasculated,bagged,and non pollinated are sterile and degraded.【Conclusion】The pollen fer

关 键 词：水晶蜜柚 无籽机理 花粉管伸长 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S667[农业科学—果树学]