我国麋鹿放归野化概况及放归地适宜性评估  

Reintroduction Overview of Elaphurus davidianus in China and Suitability Evaluation of Released Sites

作　　者：张树苗[1] 李夷平[1] 刘恒官 陈颀[1] 李俊芳[1] 白加德[1] ZHANG Shumiao;LI Yiping;LIU Hengguan;CHEN Qi;LI Junfang;BAI Jiade(Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center,Beijing 100076,China;Liaoyang Primary and Secondary School Quality Education Practice Center,Liaoyang,Liaoning 111000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076 [2]辽宁省辽阳市中小学素质教育实践中心,辽宁辽阳111000

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2024年第1期145-150,共6页Forest Inventory and Planning

基　　金：北京市财政资金项目(11000024T000002819938)。

摘　　要：麋鹿在我国经过37年的繁衍、复壮及野外放归,目前麋鹿种群已全面覆盖历史分布区,分布地点从重引入时的2个增至现在的89个迁地保护场所,种群数量已逾1.2万只,其中建立6处野生种群,数量达5 258只。从重引入到成功放归野化,中国麋鹿保护已成为全球野生动物保护史上的范例。麋鹿放归野化成功的关键在于科学、合理地选择放归地,通过介绍我国麋鹿放归野化的概况,并针对放归地的适宜性开展评估,主要包括天然植被资源可利用性、天然水资源的水质和水量、疾病风险、种间竞争、人鹿冲突、捕食天敌、突发自然灾害等,为我国麋鹿放归野化标准化管理提供依据,为其他物种放归野化提供参考。After 37 years of reproduction,rejuvenation,and wild release in China,the population of Elaphurus davidianus has fully covered historical distribution areas,and the distribution locations have increased from 2 sites at the time of reintroduction to 89 ex-situ conservation sites,with a population of over 12000,among which 6 wild populations have been established,with a total number of 5258.From reintroduction to successful released into the wild,the conservation of Elaphurus davidianus in China has become a model in the history of global wildlife conservation.The key to the successful reintroduction of Elaphurus davidianus was the scientific and rational selection of released sites.By introducing the reintroduction overview of Elaphurus davidianus in China and evaluating the suitability of the released sites,including the availability of natural vegetation resources,quality and quantity of natural water resources,disease risks,inter species competition,human-deer conflicts,predation of natural enemies,and sudden natural disasters,this paper provided a basis for standardized management of Elaphurus davidianus in China and a reference for the wild release of other species.

关 键 词：麋鹿 重引入 放归野化 适宜性 评估 

分 类 号：S825[农业科学—畜牧学] Q142.9[农业科学—畜牧兽医]