极端干旱对南四湖湿地景观影响的遥感分析  

Remote Sensing Analysis of the Impact of Extreme Drought on the Wetland Landscape of Nansi Lake

作　　者：刘茹芸 于泉洲[1,2] 贾爱英 张忠镇 李天主 LIU Ru-yun;YU Quan-zhou;JIA Ai-ying;ZHANG Zhong-zhen;LI Tian-zhu(School of Geography and Environment,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,Shandong,China;Institute of Huanghe Studies,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong,China;Jining Land Reserve and Planning Affairs Center,Jining 272000,Shandong,China;Jining Forestry Protection and Development Service Center,Jining 272000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学地理与环境学院,山东聊城252059 [2]聊城大学黄河学研究院,山东聊城252000 [3]山东省济宁市土地储备和规划事务中心,山东济宁272000 [4]济宁市林业保护和发展服务中心,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第1期8-13,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31800367);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023MD129);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210447048)资助。

摘　　要：在气候变化加剧背景下,研究湿地的干旱响应特征具有重要意义。以草型湖泊南四湖2002年发生的极端干旱事件为例,基于干旱年及正常年Landsat遥感数据、长时序气象数据、帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)数据等,计算南四湖归一化植被指数(NDVI)、修正的归一化水体指数(MNDWI)、植被覆盖度(FVC),并分析了干旱前后的景观指数变化特征,包括斑块数量(NP)、斑块密度(PD)。结果表明:1)干旱年降水的显著偏少及气温的异常偏高是导致这次干旱事件的主因;2)干旱年南四湖水域面积大幅减少,并在10月出现干湖现象;3)湿地植被特征与干旱程度显著相关(P<0.05)。随着干旱的加重,植被面积及NDVI、FVC呈现先增后减的趋势,在8月达到最大后开始减小;4)相比正常年份,干旱年湿地景观特征差异显著。干旱年水体面积显著下降,水体斑块数量增加912个、斑块密度增加15.47,水体景观趋于破碎化,而植被面积显著增加,植被景观破碎化降低。研究可为湖泊湿地的气候适应性管理提供一定科学指导。In the background of intensifying climate change,characterization of wetland responses to drought is of great significance.Taking the extreme drought event that occurred in the Nansi lake in 2002 as an example,based on monthly Landsat remote sensing data,long-term meteorological data,and Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) data from drought years and related control periods,the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI),and Fractional Vegetation Cover(FVC) and the landscape patterns before and after drought were analyzed,including the Number of Patches(NP) and Patch Density(PD).The results indicated that:1) the significant decrease in precipitation during the dry year and the abnormally high temperature in the spring were the main causes for this drought event;2) in the dry year,the water area of Nansi lake had significantly decreased,and the lake dried up in October;3) the characteristics of wetland vegetation were closely related to the degree of drought(P <0.05).With increased drought,the vegetation area,NDVI and FVC began to decrease after reaching their maximum in August;4) the landscape characteristics of wetlands show significant changes between normal and dry years.In the drought year,water area decreased significantly.The water area remained low,with an increase of 912 in NP and 15.47 in PD.The water landscape tends to be fragmented.The vegetation area significantly increased,with a fragmentation reduction.This study provides a scientific guidance for the climate adaptation management of lake wetlands.

关 键 词：南四湖 湿地 干旱 遥感 LANDSAT 

分 类 号：TP753[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P237[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]