2011─2020年新疆早中熟棉花品种区试主要农艺性状、产量和品质的演变特征  

Evolution Characteristics of Main Agronomic Traits,Yield and Quality of Early and Middle Ripe Cotton Varieties in Regional Trial of Xinjiang from 2011 to 2020

作　　者：冯胜利 朱家辉[2] 唐震超 王应成 马晓江 田汉中 陈魏涛 王燕培 韩俊伟 FENG Sheng-li;ZHU Jia-hui;TANG Zhen-chao;WANG Ying-cheng;MA Xiao-jiang;TIAN Han-zhong;CHEN Wei-tao;WANG Yan-pei;HAN Jun-wei(Institute of Agricultural Science,Second Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tiemenguan 841005,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所,新疆铁门关841005 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第12期17-24,共8页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团第二师重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2022NYGG02)。

摘　　要：对2011─2020年新疆早中熟棉花区试品种主要农艺、产量和品质性状的演变特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:在2011─2020年期间,新疆早中熟棉花区试品种的生育期、果枝始节位、果枝数和籽指均呈极显著的下降趋势,株高呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,霜前花率呈极显著的上升趋势;单株铃数、总铃数、铃重、籽棉单产、皮棉单产、霜前皮棉单产均呈极显著的上升趋势,仅衣分呈极显著的下降趋势;纤维长度、纤维整齐度、比强度、黄度、纺纱均匀指数均呈极显著的上升趋势,马克隆值呈极显著的下降趋势但尚在正常范围内,伸长率和反射率均呈极显著的下降趋势。综上,近10年来,新疆早中熟棉花品种的生育期缩短,株高稳定在75 cm上下,单产提高,马克隆值适中,纤维品质总体得到了明显提升,基本上能满足机械采摘对棉花品种特性的要求。The evolution characteristics of agronomic traits,yield and quality of early and middle ripe cotton varieties in regional trial of Xinjiang from 2011 to 2020 were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that the growth period,node of first fruit branch,number of fruit branches and seed finger of test varieties in Xinjiang cotton area were significantly decreased with the year,and the pre-frost flower rate was significantly increased with the year.Boll number per plant,total boll number,boll weight,seed cotton per unit yield,lint per unit yield and lint per unit yield before frost were significantly increased with the year,and only the lint percentage fluctuated slightly and showed a decreasing trend.The fiber length,uniformity,fiber strength,yellow degree and spinning consistent index were significantly increased with the age.The Micronaire decreased and was in the normal range,and the fiber elongation and reflectance were significantly decreased.In short,in the past 10 years,the growth period of early and middle maturing cotton varieties in Xinjiang was shortened.Plant height was stable around 75 cm,and yield was increased.Micronaire was moderate,and fiber quality was significantly improved,which could meet the requirements of machine-picked cotton variety characteristics.

关 键 词：新疆 早中熟棉花 农艺性状 产量 品质 演变特征 

分 类 号：S562.02[农业科学—作物学]