河套地区苹果梨花期霜冻气象灾害指标研究  

Research on Meteorological Frost Disaster Index in Flowering Period of Apple Pear in Hetao Area

作　　者：李淑祺 包佳婧 LI Shu-qi;BAO Jia-jing(Linhe District Meteorological Bureau of Bayannur,Bayannur 015000,China;Bayannur Meteorological Bureau,Bayannur 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市临河区气象局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [2]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第12期119-124,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“在全方位推动高质量发展中促进共同富裕的对策建议”(2022YK019)。

摘　　要：利用MSX-2F人工模拟霜箱系统进行苹果梨花期霜冻指标试验,模拟-8~0℃、持续时间1~3 h等24组不同低温和持续时长的处理组合,统计苹果梨花的受冻率,确定苹果梨花的过冷却点及结冰点,综合分析果树后期自身生长修复能力等因素,总结出针对河套地区苹果梨花期霜冻气象的服务指标。结果表明:河套地区苹果梨花蕾受冻的临界温度为-9.0~-6.0℃,苹果梨花朵受冻临界温度为-8.0~-5.0℃;随着花器官发育进程的推进,过冷却点及结冰点均呈现上升趋势,即随苹果梨发育进程的推移,花器官的抗寒能力不断下降;低温持续试验结果显示,苹果梨花朵子房受冻率不仅与低温强度有关,也与低温持续时间有关,温度越低或低温持续时间越长,受冻率越高。建立的苹果梨花期霜冻气象灾害指标体系与实际灾害情况符合率较高,可作为河套地区苹果梨花期霜冻气象灾害指标。MSX-2F artificial simulated frost box system was used to carry out frost index test of apple pear at flowering stage,simulate 24 groups of different low temperature and duration combinations,such as-8~0℃,duration 1~3 h,etc.,calculate the freezing rate of apple pear flower,determine the overcooling point and freezing point of apple pear flower,and comprehensively analyze the factors such as the self-growth and repair ability of fruit trees in the later period.The meteorological service indicators for apple pear frost during the flowering period in the Hetao area were obtained.The results showed that the critical temperature for the freezing of the apple pear flower bud in Hetao area was-9.0~-6.0℃.The critical temperature for the freezing of the apple pear flower was-8.0~5.0℃.As the development process of flower organs advanced,the super cooling point and freezing point showed an upward trend,that was,as the development process progressed,the cold resistance ability of flower organs decreased.The results of the low-temperature continuous experiment showed the freezing rate of apple pear flower ovary was not only related to the low-temperature intensity,but also to the low-temperature duration.The lower the temperature or the longer the low-temperature duration,the higher the freezing-injury rate.The established index system of frost meteorological disaster of Apple pear in flowering period has a high coincidence rate with the actual disaster situation,and can be used as the index of frost meteorological disaster of apple pear in Hetao area.

关 键 词：春霜冻 苹果梨花期 过冷却点 受冻率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]