何以园林——浅议中国传统园林的象与境  

A Brief Discussion on the Xiang and Jing of Traditional Chinese Gardens

作　　者：史文娟[1] Shi Wenjuan

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2024年第3期142-146,共5页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“新时代生态文明思想下中国传统园林理论建构研究”(编号:2022300058);国家自然科学基金“城市视野下晚明江南园林‘文本’解读方法再研究”(编号:51708100)。

摘　　要：该文在时空两个维度论证中国传统园林“境生象外”的特质。首先陈述“园以人存”的普遍现象,通过比较中西哲学,指出中国传统哲学以人生问题为主题,园林作为从传统文化中生发出来的艺术,实为生命的工具、人生价值的载体,与主人在儒家“三不朽”价值体系中共享永生,是时间维度的“境生象外”。其次,园林设计遵循“天人合一”原则而不拘泥于固定形式,追求主客体的统一、人与自然的协调相处,是空间维度的“境生象外”。最后总结了传统园林时空上的“象”虽变动,而其“境”的底层逻辑和价值标准却始终不变。这一观点对于理解传统园林的流变、推动新时代生态文明下园林形式的发展具有重要意义。"Jing" coming from exterior "Xiang" is the characteristic of traditional Chinese gardens,which is divided into two dimensions:time and space.Firstly,the common phenomenon in the history of traditional Chinese gardens that "gardens are preserved by owners" is introduced.By comparing Chinese and Western philosophies,we point out that traditional Chinese philosophy focuses on the issue of life.Gardens,as art originating from traditional culture and philosophy,are essentially tools of life and carriers of the owner's life value.They can share eternal life with the owner in the Confucian "three immortal deeds" value system.It is the "Jing" coming from exterior "Xiang" in the time dimension.Secondly,the logic of garden design is the concept of "union of heaven and man" in traditional philosophy,so it is not limited to fixed forms,but rather pursues the unity of subject and object,as well as the coordination between humans and nature,which is the "Jing" coming from exterior "Xiang" in the spatial dimension.Finally,we point out that although the "Xiang" in traditional Chinese gardens is constantly changing in time and space,the underlying logic and value standards of their "Jing" remain unchanged.This viewpoint is of great significance for understanding the evolution of traditional gardens and promoting the development of garden forms in the new era of ecological civilization.

关 键 词：传统园林 物质存在 三不朽 境生象外 天人合一 生态文明 

分 类 号：TU985.19[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]