土默特地区藏传佛教殿堂建筑的预防性保护研究——以乌素图召庆缘寺为例  

Preventive Conservation of Tibetan Buddhist Temple Architecture in the Tumed Area:A Case Study of Qingyuan Temple of Wusutu Monastery

作　　者：郝英迪 韩瑛[1] 李文华 杨昌鸣 Hao Yingdi;Han Ying;Li Wenhua;Yang Changming

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学建筑学院,内蒙古自治区绿色建筑重点实验室 [2]泉州师范学院泉州文化遗产研究院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2024年第3期157-163,共7页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于病害机理分析的20世纪建筑遗产预防性保护策略整合研究”(编号:51978005),国家自然科学基金项目“藏传佛教影响下的内蒙古传统聚落形成与变迁研究”(编号:51968055)。

摘　　要：土默特地区的藏传佛教殿堂建筑是内蒙古建筑遗产中最重要的组成部分,如今此类建筑却面临着严重损毁的危机。该文以土默特地区具有代表性的乌素图召庆缘寺为研究对象,通过对其现状进行调查并分析其病害成因,旨在构建庆缘寺的预防性保护策略。研究表明,乌素图召庆缘寺主要受到多种因素的影响,包括阳光暴晒、风沙侵蚀、冻融循环、雨水渗漏以及人为破坏,导致了结构的歪闪、拔榫、错位,以及构件的开裂、风化、崩解和酥碱等严重病害。为了应对这些病害,可采取修补加固、打牮拨正、环氧树脂填充、局部构件替换及设防鸟网等修复方法。结合以上研究,该文提出了庆缘寺病害具体修复方法以及包含庆缘寺的日常监测和维护的预防性保护策略。这些策略将有助于保护庆缘寺这一重要的建筑遗产。As an integral part of Inner Mongolia's architectural heritage,Tibetan Buddhist temple architecture in the Tumed Area is of paramount importance.However,these structures are currently facing a severe crisis of deterioration.We focus on the exemplary Qingyuan Temple of Wusutu in the Tumed region,conducting an investigation of its current condition and analyzing the causes of its structural ailments.The objective is to formulate preventive conservation strategies for Qingyuan Temple.The research reveals that Qingyuan Temple of Wusutu is primarily affected by various factors,including intense sunlight exposure,wind and sand erosion,freeze-thaw cycles,water leakage,and human-induced damage.These factors have resulted in severe structural issues such as tilting,dislocation,and dislodged tenons,as well as component-related problems including cracking,weathering,crumbling,and efflorescence.To address these issues,repair and reinforcement measures such as patching,repositioning,epoxy resin filling,local component replacement,and the installation of bird nets can be employed.In conjunction with the aforementioned research findings,we propose specific repair methods for addressing the ailments of Qingyuan Temple and outline a preventive conservation strategy for its routine monitoring and maintenance.These strategies are intended to safeguard the significant architectural heritage of Qingyuan Temple.

关 键 词：土默特地区 藏传佛教殿堂建筑 预防性保护 庆缘寺 病害调查 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]