闽西客家传统民居平面类型演变与分布——以传统合院式为例  

The Evolution and Distribution of the Plane Types of Traditional Hakka Residential Buildings in Western Fujian:Taking the Traditional Courtyard Style as an Example

作　　者：赵冲 张璐 Zhao Chong;Zhang Lu

机构地区：[1]福州大学建筑与城乡规划学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2024年第3期164-169,共6页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于基因图谱辨识的海丝沿线传统民居空间组织形式及其形成机理研究”(编号:52078135)。

摘　　要：闽西客家“崇宗敬祖”的文化特征和“群聚而居”的生活方式,使得“居祀合一”的建筑形式逐渐在闽西地区发展起来。现有的传统民居研究成果缺乏对整个闽西地区平面类型的系统性研究。为进一步探究客家民居平面类型的演变过程,该文运用类型学的研究方法,通过田野调查,首先将客家民居按照其平面特征分为“堂厢天井式”“杠屋”“院落组合式”和“堂横屋”四种类型,从中寻找出客家民居的基本型;其次将117栋传统合院式民居以基本型为样本,按平面发展逻辑进行分类,分析其演变过程,厘清各自的分布情况及其影响机制;最后探索闽西客家传统合院式民居平面类型的地域特征。The cultural characteristics of"reverence for ancestors"and the lifestyle of"living in groups"of the Hakka people in western Fujian have gradually led to the development of the architectural form of"integration of residence and worship"in the region.The existing research results on traditional residential buildings lack a systematic study of the overall planar types in the western Fujian region.To further explore the evolution process of the planar types of Hakka dwellings,we use typological research methods and conduct field investigations.Firstly,Hakka dwellings are divided into four types based on their planar characteristics:"hall courtyard style","bar house","courtyard combination style",and"hall horizontal house",in order to find the basic types of Hakka dwellings;Secondly,the 117 traditional courtyard style residential buildings will be classified based on their basic types according to the logic of planar development,analyzing their evolution process and clarifying their distribution and impact mechanisms;Finally,we explore the regional characteristics of the traditional courtyard style residential layout of the Hakka people in western Fujian.

关 键 词：闽西客家 传统合院式民居 平面类型 演变 分布 

分 类 号：TU-86[艺术—艺术设计]