碳达峰碳中和视域下气候刑法的理论因应  

The Theoretical Response of Climate Criminal Law from the Perspective of Carbon Peaking and Neutrality

作　　者：冯瀚元 于文轩[1] FENG Hanyuan;YU Wenxuan(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期36-44,共9页Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)

基　　金：司法部2019年度国家法治与法学理论研究重点项目(19SFB1010)。

摘　　要：气候刑法是风险社会背景下的气候法治新兴领域,有助于促进碳达峰碳中和目标的实现。气候刑法的保护法益是以气候法益为主的生态法益与人类法益的辩证统一。狭义的气候犯罪是指具备社会危害性和应受刑罚处罚性的严重超标的碳排放行为。气候犯罪在性质上属于抽象危险犯中的累积犯,且应具备行政从属性。科学不确定性造成了气候犯罪的归责难题,可借鉴客观归责的理论框架解决。在责任方面,气候犯罪只能由特定类型的单位以间接故意的责任形态构成。应当以轻罪轻刑的模式推动气候犯罪立法化。气候犯罪的法律后果应当在轻刑化的前提下采取最有利于生态修复的方式,主要包括罚金、增加自然碳汇和认购碳汇。在司法层面,气候刑事诉讼可适用刑事合规不起诉制度,以预防气候风险,实现可持续发展。dangerous offense,and administrative subordination is necessary.Scientific uncertainty causes the difficulties of attribution of climate crime,which can be solved by referring to the framework of objective imputation theory.In terms of responsibility,climate crime can only be constituted by specific types of subject in the form of indirect intent.Climate crime legislation should be promoted in the mode of minor crime and minor punishment.The legal consequences of climate crime should be the most conducive to ecological restoration under the premise of minor penalty,including fine,increasing natural carbon sink and subscribe carbon sink.At the judicial level,it is suggested that climate criminal procedure apply non-prosecution in criminal compliance system to prevent climate risk and achieve sustainable development.

关 键 词：碳达峰碳中和 气候犯罪 气候刑法 刑事立法 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]