江汉平原优质粳稻灌浆前期高温胁迫下的田间微气象特征  

Field Micrometeorological Characteristics of High-quality Japonica Rice in Jianghan Plain under High Temperature Stress in Pre-grazing Period

作　　者：胡玉婷 郝蓉蓉 党程成 周梦 刘洋旋 刘越 杨青青 陈龙周 严鹏 田小海[1,2] HU Yuting;HAO Rongrong;DANG Chengcheng;ZHOU Meng;LIU Yangxuan;LIU Yue;YANG Qingqing;CHEN Longzhou;YAN Peng;TIAN Xiaohai(College of Agriculture,Changjiang University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China;Hubei CollaborativeInnovation Center for Industrialization of Major Grain Crops,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第6期1347-1357,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBB060)。

摘　　要：【目的】江汉平原水稻灌浆前期独特的高温气候条件(持续高温、高湿和长日照)是造成稻米品质难以保障的主要原因,限制了优质粳稻在江汉平原地区的产业化发展。因此,对高温胁迫下优质粳稻的冠层分层监测,明确其灌浆前期遇高温胁迫后所表现出的微气象特征,为其优化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以优质粳稻鄂晚17为材料,分析4月30日(高温模式)和6月5日(适温模式)两个播期下的产量及品质差异,同时采用水稻冠层微气象测定仪MINCER(micrometeorological instrument for the near-canopy environment of rice)对冠层内微气象参数进行测定,探讨2种温度模式下优质粳稻灌浆前期不同冠层层次(4个层次,分别为H1、H2、H3和H4)微气象特征(温度、湿度和光照)及其与粳稻农艺性状的关系。【结果】与适温模式相比,高温下供试品种产量、外观品质和食味品质均显著下降,而加工品质基本无显著变化。适温和高温模式下,白天H1、H2和H4层温度均高于田间环境(CK)温度,夜间温度均低于CK;但H3层的温度与此迥异,H3层(穗部层)温度全天较CK下降可达5.2℃;在白天H1、H2和H3层相对湿度均高于CK,晚间相对湿度均低于CK;但H4层的相对湿度与此迥异,10:00低于CK,15:00和19:00均高于CK,H3层的相对湿度较CK上升可达26.9%。此外,CK空气温度均大于叶片和穗部温度,但一天不同时间段,叶温和穗温与CK空气温度的差值呈现不同的变化趋势。【结论】高温模式下,田间环境整体气温偏高可能是导致粳稻品质严重变劣的主体原因。因此,优选耐性品种、优化抽穗灌浆期和降低高温下的田间温度应成为粳稻应对高温的重要措施。[Objective]The unique high-temperature climatic conditions(e.g.,sustained high temperature,high humidity,and long sunshine)in the pre-grouting period of rice in the Jianghan Plain are the main challenges for improving the quality of rice,which limits the industrialization of high-quality Japonica rice in the region of the Jianghan Plain.Therefore,the canopy stratification monitoring of high-quality japonica rice under high temperature stress was conducted to clarify the micrometeorological characteristics of high-quality japonica rice after high temperature stress in the early stage of grain filling,thus providing theoretical basis for its optimal cultivation.[Method]We analyzed the yield and quality differences of the high-quality Japonica rice between the two sowing dates of April 30(high-temperature mode)and June 5(moderate-temperature mode).In addition,we used the Micrometeorological Instrument for the Near-Canopy Environment of Rice(MINCER)to analyze the micro-meteorological characteristics of the intra-canopy layers of the rice.At the same time,the Micrometeorological Instrument for the Near-Canopy Environment of Rice(MINCER)was used to measure the micrometeorological parameters in the canopy.The micrometeorological characteristics(temperature,humidity and light)of different canopy layers(H1,H2,H3 and H4)in the early grain filling stage of high-quality japonica rice under two temperature modes and their relationship with agronomic traits of japonica rice were discussed.[Result]Compared with the moderate-temperature mode,the yield,appearance quality and flavor quality of the test varieties decreased significantly under high temperature,while the processing quality basically did not change.Under the moderate-temperature and high-temperature modes,the temperatures in the H1,H2 and H4 layers were higher than those in the field environment(CK)during the daytime,and lower than those in the CK at night.However,the temperatures in the H3 layer were quite different,and the temperature in the H3 layer(spike layer)dec

关 键 词：高温 产量 优质粳稻 冠层微气象 稻米品质 灌浆 

分 类 号：S16[农业科学—农业气象学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]