植物成分对蜂螨繁殖影响研究  

Study on Effect of Phytochemical on Varroa destructor Reproduction

作　　者：白文凤 黄强[1,2] BAI Wenfeng;HUANG Qiang(Institute of Honeybee,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;College of AnimalScience and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学动物科学技术学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第6期1496-1503,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省重点研发项目(20202BBFL63028);江西省“双千计划”项目(JXSQ2020101078)

摘　　要：【目的】狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor)感染是导致西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)蜂群死亡的主要因素。研究旨在筛选出安全高效的植物成分杀螨剂,为研发绿色杀螨剂提供依据。【方法】以西方蜜蜂为试验材料,检测筛选原儿茶酸、青蒿素、芹菜汁饲喂,芹菜籽熏蒸对狄斯瓦螨及其感染的西方蜜蜂死亡率、免疫与残翅病毒(DWV)基因表达水平;运用代谢组学鉴定分析狄斯瓦螨死亡的代谢通路,进一步探究芹菜籽中3个主要挥发性成分对狄斯瓦螨的抑制作用。【结果】原儿茶酸、青蒿素和芹菜汁在饲喂出房蜂的情况下杀螨效果不显著(P>0.05)。但在熏蒸试验中,使用芹菜籽和芹菜籽主成分均有较好的杀螨效果。芹菜籽熏蒸的试验结果显示瓦螨死亡率高达80%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蜜蜂存活率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),使用芹菜籽处理蜜蜂24 h后,其体内的免疫基因abaecin、pqrpsc2505和残翅病毒(DWV)基因表达量相较于对照组显著降低。在芹菜籽3种主效挥发物质香芹酚、邻伞花烃和萜品烯中,气味浓郁的香芹酚表现出最强的杀螨效果,但对蜜蜂存活率表现出负面影响,试验组与对照组蜜蜂死亡率差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】芹菜籽熏蒸具有较好的杀螨作用,其3种主效挥发物质香芹酚、邻伞花烃和萜品烯都可作为杀螨剂的候选成分。[Objective]Varroa destructor is the main stressor driving the honey bee colony failure in Apis mellifera.This study aims to select an effective plant product medicine,thus providing the theoretical support for environment-friendly miticide development.[Method]After infestation,the bees were fed with protocatechuic acid,artemisinin,and celery juice.Additionally,we treat the infested bees with celery seed in order to quantify mite survival,bee survival,virus load and bee immune responses.The metabolic pathway leading to mite death was identified by metabolomics analysis.Additionally,the miticide efficiency of the three main volatile components of the celery seed was tested.[Result]The impact of protocatechuic acid,artemisinin,and celery juice on mite mortality was minor compared with the control group(P>0.05).Celery seeds effectively inhibited mite survival(P<0.05)and virus proliferation(P<0.05),with a minor impact on bee survival(P>0.05).The main volatile components of celery seed,carvacrol,alkanes,and terpinene all effectively inhibited mite survival.[Conclusion]Celery seeds showed strong mite inhibitory effects,and the three main volatiles,Carvacrol,o�cymene and terpenes,can be used as candidate components of acaricides.

关 键 词：狄斯瓦螨 西方蜜蜂 植物提取物 杀螨剂 

分 类 号：S895.32[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]