丘陵山地悬挂折叠式割草压扁机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Folding Mowing and Flattening Machine Working in Hilly and Mountaineous Areas

作　　者：杨金龙 张克平 王久鑫 姚亚萍 YANG Jinlong;ZHANG Keping;WANG Jiuxin;YAO Yaping(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第6期1543-1558,共16页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：甘肃省产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-29)。

摘　　要：【目的】苜蓿是一种全球性栽培、适应性广泛、营养价值高、适口性优良的作物,被誉为“牧草之王”,是重要的饲草作物之一。压扁调制是提高苜蓿收获品质必不可少的环节,通过对苜蓿进行破节、裂皮、压扁、折弯等处理,实现其茎秆与叶片同时干燥,减少因叶片过干而造成的脱落损失,提高饲草质量。然而,现有大中型割草压扁机很难适应丘陵山地种植苜蓿的收获作业,小型割草压扁机存在压扁率低、损失率高等问题。为解决丘陵山地苜蓿机械化收获难度大、压扁率和损失率难以控制等问题,设计满足苜蓿切割、压扁调制、抛撒铺放等一体化作业的丘陵山地悬挂折叠式割草压扁机。【方法】对旋转切割装置、预紧力可调式压扁装置、液压起落折叠机构和安全装置等关键部件设计并确定工作参数。确定刀盘转速并分析了割刀作业效果,验证该刀盘转速作业下无漏割,且切割器的重合距离满足设计要求;确定折弯刀的结构参数且利用Ansys/Ls-dyna软件验证其切割效果优于直刀和扭转刀;确定调制辊转速和作业弹簧的尺寸及参数,并对压扁调制过程进行分析;根据田间收获作业状态需求和受力特性计算分析,选用压力10 MPa、Ф60/30-500液压油缸;计算确定安全拉杆脱钩力,以保证作业机遇障时能够启动安全装置,减小对切割装置的损伤。采用Box-Behnken试验设计原理,选择作业机前进速度、调制辊间隙和调制辊转速为试验因素,压扁率和损失率为试验指标,建立回归模型,并进行参数优化与验证。【结果】作业机能够完成苜蓿切割、压扁调制和抛撒铺放作业,最佳工作参数组合为:前进速度2.89 m/s、调制辊间隙3.05 mm、调制辊转速700.5 r/min。【结论】当工作参数为前进速度2.9 m/s、调制辊间隙3.1 mm、调制辊转速700 r/min时,苜蓿压扁率、损失率分别为95%、2.83%,作业机性能稳定可�[Objective]Alfalfa is a global cultivated crop with wide adaptability,high nutritional value and good palatability.It is known as the“king of forage”and one of the important forage crops.Flattening is an essential step to improve the harvest quality of alfalfa.By treating alfalfa with joint breaking,skin cracking,flattening and bending,the stalks and leaves can be dried at the same time,thus reducing the loss of leaves caused by over-drying and improving the quality of forage grass.However,the large and medium-sized mower flattening machine is difficult to adapt to the harvest operation of alfalfa planting in hilly areas,and the small mower flattening machine has the problems of low flattening rate and high loss rate.In order to solve the problems of difficult mechanized harvesting of alfalfa in hilly and mountainous areas,difficult control of flattening rate and loss rate,a suspension folding mower flattening machine in hilly and mountainous areas was designed to complete the integrated operation of alfalfa cutting,flattening modulation,throwing and laying.[Method]The key components such as rotary cutting device,flattening device,lifting mechanism and safety device were designed and the working parameters were determined.The cutter speed was determined and the cutter operation effect was analyzed.It is verified that there is no missing cut under the cutter speed operation,and the coincidence distance of the cutter meets the design requirements.The structural parameters of the bending knife were determined.Its cutting effect,which was verified by Ansys/Ls-dyna software,was better than that of the straight knife and the torsion knife.The speed of the roller and the size and parameters of the working spring were determined,and the flattening modulation process was analyzed.According to the requirements of the field harvest operation and the mechanical characteristics of the calculation and analysis,60/30-500 hydraulic cylinder with the pressure of 10 MPa was selected.The decoupling force of the safety tie rod w

关 键 词：丘陵山地 悬挂折叠式 割草压扁机 压扁装置 旋转切割 田间试验 

分 类 号：S225.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程]