实践的偏移与理性建构:社会工作服务中儿童权利观的实践反思——基于一项儿童暑期托管服务的分析  

Deviation of Practice and the Construction of Rationality:Practical Reflections on the Child Rights Perspective in SocialWork Services

作　　者：程玲[1] 肖桂春 CHENG Ling;XIAO Guichun

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院,武汉430079 [2]华中科技大学社会学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第1期62-79,161,162,共20页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“贫困人口内生动力培育的社会工作介入模式研究”(项目编号:18YJA840002)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：儿童权利观是儿童社会工作的前提和中心。然而,儿童权利观偏移现象在社会工作服务中时有发生。本文借助儿童权利观这一视角,参与观察一项儿童暑期托管服务,并深度访谈相关儿童社会工作者,发现儿童权利观偏移表现为机构社会工作者采取“懂事”与“不懂事”的话语论述评价儿童,服务流程中儿童参与有限以及社会工作者的行为主义行动倾向。究其原因,社会工作者的多元儿童观的交互影响以及“权威—服从”式教育惯习对社会工作服务的塑造。这最终导致儿童社会工作服务丧失“社会性”,效果适得其反。为此,建构社会工作服务儿童权利理性的策略是健全儿童权利观培训,强化督导监督职责,拓展儿童参与空间以及开展社会倡导。The conception of children's rights is the premise and center of social work services for children.The notion,methods,and evaluation process of children's social work services need to highlight children's rights in order to achieve better service results.However,during the process of participative observation in a summer care service for children,the author found that there is a deviation in the conception of children's rights in social work services.The concept of children's rights has gone through a long process of evolution and development from its inception to becoming well-known to people.It can be divided into the stage of discovering children's rights after the Renaissance,the stage of initial implementation of children's rights in the 19th century,and the stage of children's rights deeply rooted in people's hearts in the 20th century.Especially since the 20th century,the Convention on the Rights of the Child has established four types of children's rights in the form of international law:the right to participation,the right to protection,the right to survival,and the right to development.China also signed the treaty in 1992.There are many difficulties in implementing the conception of children's rights in China.Firstly,the implementation of the conception of children's rights in China is hindered by many factors,including traditional filial piety culture and education,as well as outdated concepts such as child instrumentalism,paternalism,paternalism,conservatism,and skepticism due to institutional failures.Secondly,there are still significant contradictions in China's child welfare system that cannot be ignored.Finally,in the process of implementing the conception of children's rights in China,there are also problems such as fragmented child welfare supply,insufficient accuracy,and a lack of subjectivity.The primary measure to implement and protect children's rights is to improve laws and regulations and improve the child welfare system.This article focuses on the deviation in the conception of children's

关 键 词：儿童权利观 社会工作服务 实践反思 理性建构 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]