福利国家“社会投资转向”缓解了收入不平等吗?——基于18个经合组织福利国家的实证分析(1990—2017)  

Does the Welfare State’s“Social Investment Turn”Reduced Income Inequality?:An Empirical Analysis based on 18 OECD Welfare States(1990 to 2017)

作　　者：袁小良 YUAN Xiaoliang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学珠海校区,珠海519087

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第1期130-157,166,共29页Journal of Social Work

摘　　要：在现代化发展过程中,如何处理效率与公平是所有国家面临的共同课题。20世纪90年代以来,福利国家转向社会投资范式试图超越效率与公平的权衡。本文利用经合组织国家社会福利支出数据库(SOCX)和福利国家比较数据集(CWS)建构了涵盖18个经合组织福利国家1990年至2017年的面板数据,以福利支出指标和税后基尼系数为代理变量,检验了福利国家社会投资转向与收入不平等的关系,特别是福利体制对两者关系的调节效应。结果显示:在控制一系列变量的条件下,福利国家提高社会投资类政策支出比例有助于缓解收入不平等;在主效应的前提下,福利体制对两者的关系有一定的调节作用,其中保守主义福利体制强化了两者关系,而南欧和东亚福利体制削弱了两者关系。这表明福利体制对理解福利国家的社会投资转向改革以及缓解收入不平等仍有一定的理论和现实生命力。Since 1990s,“social investment turn”has become an emerging paradigm for guiding welfare state to balance efficiency and fairness.However,the extent to which social investment turn of the welfare state reduced inequality is still controversial,and the potential moderating effect of welfare regime is absent.An objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of“social investment turn”of welfare states on income inequality,and the moderating effect of welfare regime on the relationship between them especially.In this study,OECD social welfare expenditure database(SOCX)and the Comparative Welfare States Data Se(t CWS)were integrated into a new panel database,covering 18 OECD sample welfare states for 27 years from 1990 to 2017.The results indicated that welfare state spending on both old and new risks averaged about 26.88 percent of GDP,with the share of policy spending on old risks(18.12 percent)being much higher than the share of spending on new risks(8.76 percent),with the former being more than twice as high as the latter during the last 30 years.The overall average of the post-tax Gini coefficient is 0.3,showing some variation across welfare regimes.More specifically,taking the welfare expenditure data and posttax Gini coefficient as core proxy variables,panel regression model analysis found that:(1)Under the condition of controlling a series of variables,the proportion of social investment in welfare states has a negative relationship with the post-tax Gini coefficient,which implies that,in a certain sense,an increase in the proportion of policy expenditures on social investment categories would be conducive to the alleviation of income inequality,with a statistically significant result(p<0.05);(2)On the premise of the main effect of the negative relationship between social investment and income inequality,the welfare regime has a moderating effect on the relationship between the two,in which the Conservative welfare regime will strengthens the relationship between the two,while the South Europe an

关 键 词：经合组织福利国家 社会投资范式 税后基尼系数 福利体制 调节效应 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]