玉米秸秆炭化产物对油菜苗期生长的影响  

The Effect of Corn Straw Carbonization Products on the Growth of Rapeseed Seedlings

作　　者：刘欢 冷杰雯 潘玉瑾 LIU Huan;LENG Jie-wen;PAN Yu-jin(School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Yingkou Institute of Technology,Yingkou,Liaoning 115000)

机构地区：[1]营口理工学院化学与环境工程学院,辽宁营口115000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第4期149-152,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：营口理工学院校级科研项目(YBL202119)。

摘　　要：[目的]确定栽培基质中生物炭的投放量,使用生物炭来代替稀缺资源草炭的使用。[方法]通过将玉米秸秆炭(生物炭)、泥炭、有机肥、活性菌按照4种不同比例(CK,8∶1.5∶0.5)(处理(1),7∶1∶1.5∶0.5)(处理(2),6∶2∶1.5∶0.5)(处理(3),5∶3∶1.5∶0.5)混合成复配基质,用以栽培油菜。测定油菜苗期性状、含水率、叶绿素含量、粗蛋白、还原糖和氮磷钾含量等指标。[结果]就油菜生长而言,处理(1)(10%生物炭添加量)的油菜长势最佳,株高、茎粗、叶片大小生长较整齐;添加生物炭的基质会增加油菜叶绿素的积累,处理(1)(10%的生物炭添加量)的叶绿素含量最高(1.37 g/kg),显著高于CK组;4个处理的粗蛋白含量均较高,其中处理(1)、(2)的粗蛋白含量高于CK组,处理(3)(30%生物炭添加量)的粗蛋白含量略低于对照组;各个处理油菜的还原糖含量随生物炭施用量的增加而显著降低,其中CK组的还原糖含量最低,处理(1)还原糖含量最高,比CK组高68%;各处理的油菜体内磷含量较低,氮、钾含量相对较高,油菜体内氮磷钾含量相差不明显。[结论]泥炭:生物炭∶有机肥∶活性菌=7∶1∶1.5∶0.5的基质配方农用效果最好。在基质中施用10%的生物炭最为理想,可以在生产生活中少量替代泥炭的使用。[Objective]To determine the amount of biochar in the cultivation substrate and use biochar to replace the use of a scarce resource-grass carbon.[Method]The composite matrix was formed by mixing corn straw charcoal(biochar),peat,organic fertilizer and active bacteria in four different ratios(CK,8∶1.5∶0.5)(treatment①,7∶1∶1.5∶0.5)(treatment②,6∶2∶1∶5∶0.5)(treatment③,5∶3∶1.5∶0.5).The seedling traits,water content,chlorophyll content,crude protein,reducing sugar and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content were determined.[Result]In terms of rapeseed growth,treatment①(10%biochar supplemental)had the best growth,plant height,diameter and leaf size grew more neatly;the content of chlorophyll in treatment①(10%biochar content)was the highest(1.37 g/kg),which was significantly higher than that in CK group;the crude protein content of the four treatments was relatively high,the crude protein content of treatment①and②was higher than that of CK group,and the crude protein content of treatment③(30%biochar addition)was slightly lower than that of control group;the reducing sugar content of each treatment decreased significantly with the increase of biochar application amount,and the reducing sugar content of control group was the lowest,and that of treatment①was the highest,which was 68%higher than that of control group;the content of P in all treatments was lower,the content of N and K was relatively higher,and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rape was not significantly different.[Conclusion]The matrix formula of 70%peat+10%biochar+15%organic fertilizer+5%active bacteria has the best agricultural effect.Application of 10%biochar in the substrate is ideal,and a small amount of peat can be replaced in production and life.

关 键 词：生物炭 基质 泥炭 油菜 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]