文化差异导致身份政治冲突?——韩国的身份政治现象及其引发的理论反思  

Do Cultural Differences Result in Conflicts in Identity Politics?Trends in South Korean Identity Politics and Related Theoretical Considerations

作　　者：王晓玲[1] Wang Xiaoling(National Institute of International Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院

出　　处：《当代亚太》2023年第6期61-84,164,165,共26页Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“深化稳定周边国家关系、打造周边命运共同体研究”(项目批准号:22AZD107);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“人类命运共同体视域下的中韩人文交流与中国国家形象构建研究”(项目批准号:22JJD860011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：既有的身份政治理论主要反映的是欧美的文化视角,认为人具有“为承认而斗争”的激情,这种激情会以文化族群为单位得到表达,因而产生了基于文化差异的身份政治冲突。身份政治理论在文化差异和身份政治冲突之间画出了一条因果链条。韩国是单一文化族群国家,却也出现了身份政治冲突现象。韩国的政治家构建了一种独特的身份政治集团——“情理阵营”,其最初是选举工具,继而成为跨政治系统和社会文化系统的“文化部落”。韩国社会虽对于“情理阵营”持批判态度,但受制于冷战思维、财阀垄断的经济体制,韩国不存在能有效改善贫富分化的政党,选民被动接受了身份政治。在韩国的案例中,文化是导致冲突的中间变量,真正的自变量是竞争性政党。该案例说明,包括文化冲突论在内的诸多身份政治理论有待于通过更多的跨文化比较研究去检验。Existing theories of identity politics largely reflect Western cultural perspectives.Theories of identity politics establish a causal relationship between cultural differences and conflicts in identity politics.Despite being a homogenous society,South Korea has nonetheless experienced conflicts in identity politics.South Korean politicians have fabricated a unique political identity group-the"loyal and righteous camp",which initially served as an electoral tool,but which later evolved into a"cultural tribe"which spans both political and socio-cultural systems.While Korean society remains critical of the"loyal and righteous camp",the electorate has passively accepted the identity politics in a society where no political parties exist to advocate for their economic interests because of a prevailing Cold War mentality and an economy dominated by corporate conglomerates.In the case of South Korea,culture serves as an intermediate variable which results in conflict and the truly independent variable is competitive political parties.The South Korean case suggests that many theories of identity politics,including the cultural conflict theory,require further validation through cross-cultural comparative studies.

关 键 词：身份政治 文化冲突论 单一文化族群 竞争性政党 

分 类 号：D731.26[政治法律—政治学]