我国反垄断法中垄断协议违法性的分析模式  

Analytical Model of Illegality Determination of the Monopoly Agreement Under Anti-Monopoly Law in China

作　　者：焦海涛 Jiao Haitao

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第2期149-164,共16页Law Science

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划(21CXTD08)的成果。

摘　　要：我国《反垄断法》将垄断协议定义为“排除、限制竞争”的协议,但未对“排除、限制竞争”作出解释。构成要件的模糊性使得反垄断执法机构与法院在处理垄断协议案件时选择了不同的分析模式,进而产生了同种行为不同认定的情况。2022年新修订的《反垄断法》关于垄断协议定义及纵向垄断协议的修改,试图统一垄断协议违法性的分析模式,但相关规定仍然存在理解分歧。鉴于我国《反垄断法》“垄断协议”一章的规定与《欧盟运行条约》第101条在语言表述和逻辑关系上高度相似,建议我国法下的垄断协议认定可采取欧盟的“两步走”分析模式:第一步适用禁止条款,仅评估消极效果(排除、限制竞争效果),以确定相关行为是否属于反垄断法的调整范围;第二步适用豁免条款,再评估积极效果(促进竞争效果),并对积极效果与消极效果进行比较,作出终局性的法律性质判定。The Anti-Monopoly Law defines a monopoly agreement as an agreement that “excludes or restricts competition”, without explanation that what “excludes or restricts competition” means. The ambiguity of the constituent elements has led law enforcement authorities and courts to choose different analysis models when dealing with monopoly agreement cases, resulting in different determinations of the same kind of conduct. China's 2022 AML on the definition of monopoly agreements and the revision of vertical monopoly agreements attempt to unify the analysis mode of the illegality of monopoly agreements,but there are still differences in understanding of the relevant provisions. In view of the high degree of similarity between the provisions of the chapter on monopoly agreements in China's Anti-Monopoly Law and Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, both in terms of language and logical relationship, the determination of monopoly agreements under China's law should adopt the EU's “two-step” analysis model: the first step is to apply the prohibition clause and assess only the negative effects(exclusion and restriction of competition) in order to determine whether the relevant conduct falls within the scope of the law;the second step is to apply the exemption clause and then assess the positive effects(promotion of competition) and compare the positive effects with the negative effects to make a final determination of its legal nature.

关 键 词：垄断协议 违法性标准 禁止条款 豁免条款 竞争效果 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]