乡村河道治理对极端天气下洪涝灾害的影响分析:以豫北乡村为例  

Study on the impact of rural river management on flood disasters under extreme weather conditions:A case study of rural areas in Northern Henan Province

作　　者：李晓超 周叶[1] 李晓鹤 周莹 李君[5] 罗毅 唐华林 李尚奇 卢志扬 LI Xiaochao;ZHOU Ye;LI Xiaohe;ZHOU Ying;LI Jun;LUO Yi;TANG Hualin;LI Shangqi;LU Zhiyang(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;China Water Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610000,Sichuan,China;South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,Guandong,China;The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,Zhengzhou450003,Henan,China;North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou450045,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]中国华水水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000 [3]华南师范大学,广东广州510631 [4]黄河水利出版社,河南郑州450003 [5]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450045

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2024年第1期28-39,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909094);中国水科院基本科研专项(HM110145B0012023)。

摘　　要：【目的】随着近年来强降雨引发洪涝灾害问题的日益突出,为深入探索乡村河道治理对极端天气下发生洪涝灾害的内在影响,进一步提高乡村地区河道治理水平,加强保障乡村—城市区域整体生产运行安全及人民生命财产安全能力,【方法】以豫北乡村为例,基于诸多业界专家学者的研究成果,通过对乡村河道的实地走访调查,对现有乡村河道老化、侵占等现状及问题进行了统计、总结归纳与研究分析,并对乡村区域实例进行了不同等级的降水计算分析。【结果】结果显示:乡村河道治理工作对极端天气所致洪涝灾害风险具有重要影响、乡村河道治理工作的现状存在诸多问题、乡村河道改造具有迫切性和必要性。【结论】针对调研数据统计分析,总结归纳了乡村河道治理存在的以违规侵占土地为主的6方面问题,结合降水计算结果,发现:现有状况下的乡村河网不足以面对极端变化天气下引发的洪涝风险,需持续提升新时期的河湖管理水平,加强应对极端变化天气引发洪涝灾害的应急能力。基于此,针对乡村河道治理问题给出了对应的6点对策建议。[Objective]With the increasingly prominent problem of floods caused by heavy rainfall in recent years,exploring the internal impact of rural river management on flood disasters in extreme weather becomes more important to improve the level of rural river management and strengthen the ability to guarantee the overall production,the operation safety of rural and urban areas,and the safety of people′s lives and property.[Methods]Taking the northern Henan countryside as an example,the current situation,problems and precipitation,such as aging and encroachment of existing rural river channels,are summarized analyzed using the field visit and investigation of rural river channels.[Results]It is found that the rural river management has an important impact on flood disaster risk caused by extreme weather.There are many problems in the current situation of rural river management,and the rural river transformation is urgent and necessary.[Conclusion]Based on the statistical analysis of the survey data,six problems in rural river management,mainly including illegal land occupation,are summarized.Combined with the precipitation calculation result,it is found that the existing rural river network is not enough to face the flood risk caused by extreme weather changes.It is necessary to continuously improve the management level of rivers and lakes in the new era and strengthen the emergency capacity to deal with floods caused by extreme weather changes.Based on this,this study gives six corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for rural river governance.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 乡村河道 河道治理 水旱灾害 灾害防御 

分 类 号：TV876[水利工程—水利水电工程]