月经初潮年龄与高血压患病的相关性分析  

Analysis of the relationship between menarche age and hypertension

作　　者：刘代强 余乐 熊华利 唐大乂 马凤勋 LIU Dai-qiang;YU Le;XIONG Hua-li;TANG Da-yi;MA Feng-xun(People’s Hospital of Rongchang District,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市荣昌区人民医院,重庆402460 [2]武警重庆总队医院,重庆400061 [3]重庆市荣昌区卫生健康委员会 [4]牡丹江医学院临床学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第3期445-451,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0907303)。

摘　　要：目的 分析月经初潮年龄(age at menarche,AAM)与高血压患病的相关性方法 利用国家重点研发计划“四川盆地大气重污染区域自然人群队列研究”荣昌区1 499名女性调查对象为基线数据,2018年随机抽取4个乡镇,对户籍在抽中乡镇的30~79岁人群自愿参与调查的对象开展问卷调查、体格检查和血生化检测。AAM与高血压患病的相关性及敏感性分析使用logistic回归模型,限制性立方样条采用软件R 4.1.1绘制。结果 1 499例女性调查对象的AAM为(14.31±2.06)岁,高血压患病率为36.62%。≤12岁、13岁、14岁、15岁、≥16岁的高血压患病率分别为22.88%、27.02%、33.33%、45.61%、52.63%,呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=52.198,P<0.001)。调整混杂因素后,与对照组“14岁组”相比,≤12岁(OR=0.793,95%CI:0.684~0.918)、13岁(OR=0.865,95%CI:0.468~0.935)、15岁(OR=1.513,95%CI:1.117~2.050)、≥16岁(OR=1.801,95%CI:1.483~2.118)与高血压患病相关。限制性立方样条图显示,AAM与高血压患病之间呈非线性剂量—反应关系(P非线性<0.001),AAM越晚与高血压患病的高风险相关。敏感性分析发现,AAM与高血压患病的相关性在不同出生队列和BMI分组中仍然存在。结论 AAM越晚可能会增加成人期患高血压的风险,加强健康教育和改善行为生活方式,有益于女性高血压的防治。Objective To analyze the correlation between the age at menarche(AAM)and the incidence of hypertension.Methods Based on the baseline data of 1499 women from a national key research and development program“Natural population cohort study of heavy air pollution in Sichuan basin”in Rongchang District,4 townships were randomly selected in 2018.Questionnaire survey,physical examination,and blood biochemical tests were carried out among the people aged 30 to 79 who were registered in the selected townships.The correlation and sensitivity between AAM and hypertension were analyzed by logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline was drawn by software R4.1.1.Results The AAM of 1499 female subjects was 14.31±2.06 years old,and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.62%.The prevalence rates of hypertension of≤12 years old,13 years old,14 years old,15 years old,and≥16 years old were 22.88%,27.02%,33.33%,45.61%,and 52.63%,respectively,showing an upward trend(trendχ^(2)=52.198,P<0.001).After adjusting the confounding factors,compared with the 14 years old group in the control group,≤12 years old(OR=0.793,95%CI:0.684-0.918),13 years old(OR=0.865,95%CI:0.468-0.935),15 years old(OR=1.513,95%CI:1.117-2.050),and≥16 years old(OR=1.801,95%CI:1.483-2.118)were associated with hypertension.The restriction cubic spline showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between AAM and hypertension(P<0.001),and the later AAM was associated with the high risk of hypertension.Sensitivity analysis showed that the correlation between AAM and hypertension still existed in different birth cohorts and BMI groups.Conclusion The later AAM may increase the risk of hypertension in adults.Strengthening health education and improving behavior and lifestyle are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in women.

关 键 词：月经初潮年龄 高血压 相关性 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R173[医药卫生—内科学]