2022年中国五省市7~17岁儿童青少年心血管健康状况及影响因素研究  

Study on cardiovascular health status and influencing factors of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in five provinces of China in 2022

作　　者：高璨[1] 张剑梅 韩历丽[2] 邵晶[1] 张霞[1] GAO Can;ZHANG Jian-mei;HAN Li-li;SHAO Jing;ZHANG Xia(Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sports,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061 [2]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第3期452-459,共8页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006705)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国五省市7~17岁儿童青少年心血管健康状况及影响因素。方法2022年4—11月在北京、河北、山东、江西、湖南五省市选择9所学校(包括4所小学和5所中学),将小学三年级至高中三年级的2166名7~17岁学生纳入研究。资料收集方法包括调查问卷、体格测量和实验室检测。依据修正后美国心脏协会标准,通过4个健康行为指标(吸烟、BMI、体育锻炼和膳食评价)和3个健康因素指标(总胆固醇、血压和空腹血糖)评估心血管健康情况,指标分为理想、中、差3个水平。计算7个指标的总平均分,根据评分分为低、中和高3个风险等级,并使用多元logistic回归模型分析儿童青少年心血管健康状况的影响因素。结果具有7个理想心血管健康行为和因素的人群占比1.8%,具有5个以上理想心血管健康行为和因素的人群占比48.7%。女生具有2~4个心血管健康行为的比例显著高于男生(P=0.025)。来自于乡镇农村的儿童青少年具有2~4个心血管健康行为、2~3个心血管健康因素、4~7个心血管健康行为和因素的比例均显著高于来自于城市的儿童青少年(P<0.05)。心血管健康指标总平均分在年龄、性别、睡眠时长、城乡、地域和收入水平变量中存在显著的组间差异(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示睡眠时间长、女性、农村、家庭收入高与儿童青少年心血管风险降低呈正相关,而年龄增加和南方与儿童青少年心血管风险降低呈负相关。结论中国五省市7~17岁儿童青少年的心血管健康总体居于中等水平,具有7个理想心血管健康行为与因素比例较低。未来应对男性、年龄12~17岁、睡眠时间短、城市、南方和家庭收入低的儿童青少年进行重点防控,改善心血管健康。Objective To investigate the cardiovascular health status and influencing factors of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 in five provinces and cities of China.Methods From April to November 2022,9 schools(including 4 primary schools and 5 middle schools)were selected from Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,Jiangxi,and Hunan provinces.In total 2166 students from the third grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school were enrolled in the study.The methods of data collection included questionnaire,physical measurement,and laboratory test.According to the revised American Heart Association standard,cardiovascular health was evaluated by four health behavior indicators(smoking,BMI,physical exercise,and dietary evaluation)and three health factors(total cholesterol,blood pressure,and fasting blood glucose).The indicators were divided into ideal,moderate,and poor levels.The total average score of 7 indexes was calculated and divided into low,medium,and high-risk grades according to the score.Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cardiovascular health status of children and adolescents.Results Students with 7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 1.8%,and those with more than 5 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 48.7%.The proportion of girls with 2 or 4 cardiovascular health behaviors was significantly higher than that of boys(P=0.025).The proportion of children and adolescents from township and rural areas with 2 to 4 cardiovascular health behaviors,2 to 3 cardiovascular health factors,and 4 to 7 cardiovascular health behaviors and factors were significantly higher than those from urban areas(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the total average scores of cardiovascular health in-dexes among age,sex,sleep duration,urban and rural areas,regions,and income levels(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that long sleep time,female,rural area,and family income were positively correlated with the

关 键 词：儿童青少年 横断面研究 心血管健康 膳食结构 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病] G804.2[医药卫生—内科学]