2013—2022年江西省H7亚型禽流感外环境监测及感染病例分析  

External environmental surveillance and infection case analysis of H7subtype avian influenza in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：曾志笠 章承锋[1] 傅伟杰[1,2] 金媛 ZENG Zhi-li;ZHANG Cheng-feng;FU Wei-jie;JIN Yuan(Emergency Transmission and Prevention Center of Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330029,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省疾病预防控制中心应急传防所,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省疾病预防控制中心青年科研创新攻关团队,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第3期547-551,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江西省卫生健康委科技计划项目(20196005);江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(2023B1397)。

摘　　要：目的 了解江西省H7亚型禽流感病毒外环境动态分布情况及人群感染特征,为科学防控禽流感疫情提供依据。方法 系统收集2013—2022年江西省外环境禽流感监测信息和人感染H7亚型禽流感病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2013—2022年共采集外环境标本15 535份,H7亚型阳性率为1.85%(287/15 535)。自2014年起连续9年均检出阳性标本,年阳性率整体呈下降趋势(χ趋势2=2.168,P=0.231)。赣州市、南昌市和九江市外环境H7亚型阳性率较高,分别为2.96%、2.77%、2.66%,不同地区阳性率差异存在统计学意义(χ^(2)=70.145,P<0.001)。阳性率检出高峰主要在冬春季,占比64.11%,不同季度阳性率差异存在统计学意义(χ^(2)=69.280,P<0.001)。不同标本类型阳性率差异存在统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.948,P=0.005)。2013—2022年江西省共报告52例H7亚型禽流感病例,职业以农民、离退人员和务工人员为主,45岁以上病例占76.92%。发病时间主要在冬春季,76.92%病例有明确的禽类暴露史。不同月份H7N9禽流感发病数与H7亚型阳性率水平无明显相关(Spearman系数=0.515,P=0.087)。结论 江西省外环境H7亚型阳性率虽较低,但人群感染风险仍存,应持续开展病原学监测和采取综合性的防控措施,降低人群感染的潜在风险。Objective To understand the external environmental dynamic distribution and human infection characteristics of H7 subtype avian influenza virus in Jiangxi Province,so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of avian influenza.Methods The surveillance information of avian influenza in the external environment of Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022 and the data of human infection with H7 subtype avian influenza were systematically collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 15535 external environment samples were collected from 2013 to 2022,and the positive rate of H7 subtype was 1.85%(287/15535).Positive samples were detected for 9 consecutive years since 2014,and the annual positive rate showed a downward trend as a whole(χ^(2) trend=2.168,P=0.231).The positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Ganzhou city(2.96%),Nanchang city(2.77%)and Jiujiang city(2.66%)was higher,and there was significant difference in the positive rate among different regions(χ^(2)=70.145 P<0.001).The peak of positive rate was mainly in winter and spring(64.11%),and there was significant difference in different seasons(χ^(2)=69.280,P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different types of samples(χ^(2)=16.948,P=0.005).A total of 52 cases of H7 subtype avian influenza were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022,mainly farmers,retirees,and migrant workers,accounting for 76.92%of cases over 45 years old.The time of onset was mainly in winter and spring,and 76.92%of the cases had history of poultry exposure.There was no significant correlation between the number of H7N9 avian influenza cases and the positive rate of H7 subtype in different months(Spearman coefficient=0.515,P=0.087).Conclusion Although the positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Jiangxi Province is low,the risk of human infection still exists.Etiological surveillance and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out continuous

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 H7亚型 环境 病例 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]