污水中新型冠状病毒监测技术的进展与启示  

Advances and implications of wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2

作　　者：邓妤 徐晓庆 郑夏婉 梁卓伟[2] 徐浩光 李迎慧[4] 扈庆华[4] 杨敏[5] 黄霞[6] 唐宋 张岚 张彤[1] Yu Deng;Xiaoqing Xu;Xiawan Zheng;Gabriel M Leung;Ho-Kwong Chui;Yinghui Li;Qinghua Hu;Min Yang;Xia Huang;Song Tang;Lan Zhang;Tong Zhang(Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory,Center for Environmental Engineering,Department of Civil Engineering,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;School of Public Health,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Environmental Protection Department,Government of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen 518055,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学土木工程系环境工程研究中心环境微生物组工程与技术实验室,中国香港999077 [2]香港大学李嘉诚医学院公共卫生学院,中国香港999077 [3]香港特别行政区政府环境保护署,中国香港999077 [4]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,深圳518055 [5]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [6]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [7]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第3期362-369,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：香港特别行政区政府医务卫生局提供的医疗卫生研究基金(COVID1903015)的资助

摘　　要：污水流行病学的概念最早于2001年提出[1],最初是通过追踪污水中多种与人群健康和行为相关的化学与生物标记物,对使用毒品与非法药物的群体进行精准溯源[2],或是预警、跟踪和遏制传染病的暴发及其在社区中的传播[3].其中一个典型的应用实例是2013年以色列在常规污水监测中发现了被认为已经根除的脊髓灰质炎病毒,随即据此展开大规模疫苗接种从而成功避免了小儿麻痹症在当地的再次暴发.Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)is a tool for monitoring the trend and spread of infectious diseases in populations.The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in interest in studying WBE since it can offer a non-invasive and cost-effective way for monitoring the virus at population level.This paper discusses the principles and practices of WBE in the context of COVID-19,with a focus on its applications in Hong Kong.WBE relies on the detection of viral RNA in sewage samples,which can indicate the presence and amount of the virus in a surveyed population.The detection process involves three key steps,including sewage concentration,nucleic acid extraction,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)amplification of target virus sequences.Quality control measures such as positive and negative controls are crucial for generating accurate and reliable testing results.In Hong Kong,a comprehensive WBE system has been established from the ground up in 2020,which now covers 10 large sewage treatment plants,154 community surveillance sites,and multiple ad hoc sites across residential areas.The adopted sampling frequency and methods could vary according to the type of sampling site and the stage of an outbreak.Composite sewage samples are collected using automatic samplers and analyzed using standardized methods.The data generated from the WBE system is used for providing early warning and epidemiological assessment,as well as guiding public health interventions.However,the interpretation of WBE results requires careful consideration of various factors that can affect the accuracy and sensitivity of the method.These factors include the amount,frequency,and probability of viral shedding in infected individuals,variations in viral shedding over time and across different virus variants,the decay of viral particles in sewage along the sewer system and testing procedure,and the detection limit of the adopted testing method.In addition,the presence of false negative results due to randomness in sampling and fecal shedding is a

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎病毒 生物标记物 人群健康 污水监测 监测技术 进展与启示 暴发 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]