藏东南地区的河流水文研究:进展与挑战  

River hydrology studies in Southeast Xizang:Progress and challenges

作　　者：余国安[1] 岳蓬胜 张晨笛 李志威 侯伟鹏 Guo-An Yu;Pengsheng Yue;Chendi Zhang;Zhiwei Li;Weipeng Hou(CAS Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第3期394-413,共20页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0903);国家自然科学基金(41971010)资助。

摘　　要：西藏自治区东南部地区(简称藏东南)是青藏高原的降水、产流和产输沙高值区,也是高原气候变化的敏感区,其河流水文过程不但受气候变化影响,还与区域植被、冰川、积雪、冻土、冰湖等下垫面变化和偶发自然地质灾害事件密切相关.深入认识藏东南地区河流水文特征、径流/泥沙产输机制和主要影响因子,明晰全球气候变化大背景下水文情势变化和未来趋势,对于区域水能及水资源合理开发利用、工程安全和长期运行,以及泥石流、山洪等自然灾害的科学防控,具有重要的科学价值和实践意义.新中国成立以来(尤其近50年来),通过青藏高原科考等野外综合科学考察和几代科学工作者的不懈努力,对藏东南地区的气候、水文、自然地理、地质地貌等开展了较为系统的调查分析和研究.本文梳理总结了藏东南河流水文研究的主要进展,包括区域气候变化及其影响、径流泥沙特征及变化等,并探讨目前研究面临的主要挑战和未来应加强的若干方面.藏东南地区的野外气象及水文监测依然薄弱,实测数据资料匮乏,这是未来区域河流水文研究应着力克服和解决的基础问题.Southeast Xizang is one of the areas with the highest precipitation,runoff production,sediment yield,and transport on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and is also one of the areas most sensitive to climate change.The hydrological processes of the rivers in this area are not only affected by regional climate change.However,they are also closely related to changes in the underlying surface conditions,such as vegetation,glaciers,snow,seasonally frozen ground/permafrost,glacial lakes,and occasional natural geo-hazards,such as landslides and debris flows.An in-depth understanding of regional river hydrological characteristics,runoff production,sediment yield,and transport mechanisms,the main influencing factors,and clarification of runoff/sediment regime changes and future trends in the context of global climate change have important scientific value and practical significance for the rational development and utilization of flow energy and water resources in Southeast Xizang,(hydro-)engineering safety and long-term use,as well as scientific mitigation and control of natural geo-hazards(e.g.,debris flow and mountain torrents).Since the 1950s(especially during the past 50 years),comprehensive field scientific investigations,such as the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau scientific expeditions and the unremitting efforts of several generations of scientific researchers,relatively deep explorations,and studies on climate,hydrology,physical geography,geology,and geomorphology in southeastern Xizang have been conducted.This review systematically summarizes the main progress in river hydrology research in Southeast Xizang,including regional climate change and its impact,runoff,sediment characteristics,and changes.It discusses also the main challenges of current research and certain aspects that should be strengthened in the future.Over the past 70 years,the temperature in southeastern Xizang has increased significantly.Although there is no unified conclusion on the interannual variation trend of precipitation,analysis based on the observation

关 键 词：藏东南 气候变化 下垫面变化 地质灾害 径流 泥沙 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]