现代人地系统科学认知与探测方法  

Scientific cognition and detection methods of modern humanearth system

作　　者：刘彦随[1,2] 刘亚群 欧聪 Yansui Liu;Yaqun Liu;Cong Ou(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第3期447-463,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42293270,41931293,42201289)资助。

摘　　要：人地系统是人类活动与地理环境相互联系、相互作用而形成的复杂适应系统,具有综合性、区域性、复杂性、开放性、动态性特征.人地系统空间识别、类型诊断和强度评估是现代人地系统科学和地理学综合研究的核心内容,是科学认知人地系统演化过程与机理、服务支撑人地系统协调与可持续发展决策的重要基础.本文基于人地关系地域系统理论和地理学“三主三分”方法,构建了自上而下的现代人地系统识别-诊断-评估科学认知体系,综合土地利用、人口密度、夜间灯光指数、感兴趣点等多源空间数据,利用决策树、空间聚类、人类足迹强度指数等定量模型方法,开展了2000~2020年中国人地系统地域空间分区、主要类型分类和作用强度分级探测研究.结果表明:(1)中国人地系统面积占比由53.9%增至54.1%,基本稳定在54%左右,空间上呈东南高、西北低的分异特征,平原地区、耕地和城市集中分布区的占比明显高于山地丘陵区和地广人稀地区.人地系统中生活功能区的面积占比由3.61%增至5.24%,生产和生态功能区占比分别由35.19%和61.20%降至34.66%和60.10%.(2)快速城镇化和乡村振兴发展促使城市型、村镇型人地系统面积扩大,分别增长了135.45%和9.59%,但新增主要源于农业型人地系统;受生态退耕和耕地扩张共同影响,农业型和生态型人地系统间存在相互转换,其面积分别减少1.06%和1.37%.(3)中国人地系统的人类足迹强度由9.28增至10.25,增幅为10%,呈现出高值区扩张、低值区缩减,人类活动持续加强且空间集聚化的特征.本研究分层次回答了人地系统分布、类型、等级等关键问题,深化了现代人地系统耦合过程-机理-格局的科学认知,可为人地系统协调和可持续发展决策提供参考依据.The human-earth system(HES)is a complex adaptive system that embodies the interconnection and interaction between human activities and the geographical environment,characterized by a variety of features such as comprehensiveness,regionality,complexity,openness,and dynamics.Socio-economic development is facing increasingly serious regional problems such as land degradation,environmental pollution,and biodiversity loss.In essence,it is the result of the intensified impact of human activities on the earth system,resulting in the coupling disorder and functional imbalance of HES.Therefore,the spatial identification,type diagnosis,and intensity evaluation of HES are critical topics in modern HES science and comprehensive geography.These themes form the foundation for scientifically cognizing the evolution process and mechanisms of HES,as well as for supporting decision-making aimed at HES coordination and sustainable development.Based on the theory of human-earth relationship areal system and the geographic methodology of“main functionoriented zoning,dominant type classification,and principal purpose grading”,this study constructed a top-down scientific cognition and method system for modern HES identification-diagnosis-evaluation.The study integrated multi-source spatial data of land use,population density,nighttime light index,and point of interest,adopted multiple quantitative methods of decision tree,spatial clustering,and human footprint intensity index,and conducted the geospatial identification,dominant type diagnosis,activity intensity evaluation of the HES in China from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that:(1)The area proportion of China’s HES has increased from 53.9%to 54.1%,stabilizing at around 54%.Spatially,it was characterized by a differentiation feature of high-values in the southeast and low-values in the northwest.The HES proportion in plain areas,cultivated land,and concentrated urban areas was significantly higher than that in mountainous and sparsely populated areas.The proportion of livi

关 键 词：现代人地系统科学 人地关系地域系统 地域空间识别 主导类型诊断 作用强度评估 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]