直接和间接消费所引起的中国城乡空气污染相关过早死亡不平等性  

Direct and indirect consumption activities drive distinct urban-rural inequalities in air pollution-related mortality in China

作　　者：王旌旭 林金泰 刘宇 吴锋 倪睿婧 陈璐璐 任芳萱 杜鸣溪 李钟仪 张浩雨 刘正中 Jingxu Wang;Jintai Lin;Yu Liu;Feng Wu;Ruijing Ni;Lulu Chen;Fangxuan Ren;Mingxi Du;Zhongyi Li;Haoyu Zhang;Zhengzhong Liu(Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and Physical Oceanography Laboratory,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)and Physical Oceanography Laboratory,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China [2]College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China [3]Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies,Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [4]College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [5]Institute of Carbon Neutrality,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [6]State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [7]School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2024年第4期544-553,共10页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42075175);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QD119);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(202113005,Ocean University of China);Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province;the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project;supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72125010,72243011,and 71974186);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Peking University);Highperformance Computing Platform of Peking University.

摘　　要：Household consumption in China is associated with substantial PM_(2.5)pollution,through activities directly(i.e.,fuel use)and/or indirectly(i.e.,consumption of goods and services)causing pollutant emissions.Urban and rural households exhibit different consumption preferences and living areas,thus their contributions to and suffering from air pollution could differ.Assessing this contrast is crucial for comprehending the environmental impacts of the nation’s ongoing urbanization process.Here we quantify Chinese urban and rural households’contributions to ambient PM_(2.5)pollution and the health risks they suffer from,by integrating economic,atmospheric,and health models and/or datasets.The national premature deaths related to long-term exposure to PM_(2.5)pollution contributed by total household consumption are estimated to be 1.1 million cases in 2015,among which 56%are urban households and 44%are rural households.For pollution contributed indirectly,urban households,especially in developed provinces,tend to bear lower mortality risks compared with the portions of deaths or pollution they contribute.The opposite results are true for direct pollution.With China’s rapid urbanization process,without adequate reduction in emission intensity,the increased indirect pollution-associated premature deaths could largely offset that avoided by reduced direct pollution,and the indirect pollution-associated urban–rural inequalities might become severer.Developing pollution mitigation strategies from both production and consumption sides could help with reducing pollution-related mortality and associated urban-rural inequality.

关 键 词：Urban and rural households Pollution contribution Mortality risk INEQUALITY PM_(2.5) 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F126.1[经济管理—世界经济]