河南黄河改道区浅层地下水化学特征与主控污染源解析  

Chemical Characteristics of Shallow Groundwater in the Yellow River Diversion Area of Henan Province and Identification of Main Control Pollution Sources

作　　者：王帅 任宇 郭红 曹文庚[3,4] 李祥志 肖舜禹 WANG Shuai;REN Yu;GUO Hong;CAO Wen-geng;LI Xiang-zhi;XIAO Shun-yu(Institute of Natural Resources Monitoring and Comprehensive Land Improvement of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450061,China;Key Laboratory of Protection and Restoration of Water and Soil Resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin,Ministry of Natural Resources,Zhengzhou 450061,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;College of Geosciences and Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省自然资源监测和国土整治院,郑州450061 [2]自然资源部黄河流域中下游水土资源保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450061 [3]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061 [4]自然资源部地下水科学与工程重点实验室,石家庄050061 [5]华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第2期792-801,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3703701);国家自然科学基金项目(41972262);河北自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(D2020504032);中央水污染防治项目(豫财环资[2020]3号)。

摘　　要：黄河下游的河南北部平原是黄河频繁发生改道的地区.该地区浅层地下水水质较差且超标组分类型多,但是多种因素影响下各环境因子对水质的贡献作用仍需进一步得到量化.为了明确研究区浅层地下水的水质成因,采集330组浅层地下水样品进行区域性水质调查,通过主成分-绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归(PCA-APCS-MLR)模型揭示豫北黄河改道区的浅层地下水水质演化来源.结果表明,研究区浅层地下水超标率从高到低依次为:锰>铁>总硬度>溶解性总固体>钠>氟>砷>氯离子>硫酸根>铵根,特别是锰的超标率达到76%.水-岩溶滤富集作用、土壤来源、氧化还原条件和农业活动这4种因素是导致地下水水质较差的主要原因,四者方差累积解释率达到71.24%,同时地表水的补给也会影响地下水质.新乡等北部的黄河故道区地下水中,铁、砷、铵根、总硬度和TDS等组分主要受到水-岩溶滤作用和氧化还原条件影响造成浓度增加;黄河沿岸的水-岩溶滤作用、土壤来源与黄河侧向补给造成水中氟的富集;高锰地下水受到土壤组分影响广泛存在于研究区,而个别地区农业活动和地表水补给造成硝酸盐的点状污染.The northern plain of Henan in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is an area where the Yellow River is frequently diverted.The shallow groundwater quality in this area is poor,and many types of components have been found to be exceeding the limit value;however,the contribution of various environmental factors to water quality needs to be further quantified.In order to clarify the genesis of water quality of shallow groundwater in the study area,330 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected via a regional water quality survey.The evolution of shallow groundwater quality in the Yellow River diversion area of northern Henan was revealed using the principal component-absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(PCA-APCS-MLR)model.The results showed that the components with a shallow groundwater excess rate greater than 10% in descending order were manganese,iron,total hardness,total dissolved solids,sodium,fluoride,arsenic,chloride ions,sulfate,and ammonium.In particular,the excess rate of manganese reached 76%.The four factors of dissolution enrichment,native origin of soil,redox conditions,and agricultural activities were identified as the main reasons for poor groundwater quality,which accounted for 71.24% of the cumulative interpretation rate of variance.In addition,the recharge from the surface water also influenced the groundwater quality.The effects of dissolution between the water and aquifer matrix and redox condition in the aquifer of the Yellow River dried-riverway like Xinxiang were significantly enhanced,resulting in the increasing concentration of iron,arsenic,total hardness,TDS,and other components in groundwater.Fluoride enrichment was caused by dissolution enrichment,the origin of the soil,and lateral replenishment of the Yellow River.Groundwater with high manganese concentration was widely affected by the soil matrix.Nitrate pollution of the groundwater was caused by the extensive use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural activities in individual areas.

关 键 词：豫北黄河下游 浅层地下水 PCA-APCS-MLR 污染源解析 原生劣质成因 人为污染 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]