语言学视角下的地图演化  

Evolution of maps from a linguistic perspective

作　　者：于峰一泽 汤国安[1,2,3] 陆鼎阳 林晓芬 胡光辉 沈婕 吴明光[1,2,3] YU Fengyize;TANG Guoan;LU Dingyang;LIN Xiaofen;HU Guanghui;SHEN Jie;WU Mingguang(Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第1期171-186,共16页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930102)。

摘　　要：地图作为地理学的第二语言,具有与自然语言相类似的结构、功能和性质。以往的地图语言研究主要关注地图符号的语言学机制,但缺乏从地理学语言视角分析地图语言的内涵与特征。同时,随着信息技术的发展和大数据时代的到来,泛地图的概念被提出并得到进一步发展。在泛地图背景下,地图在表现形式和表达内容等方面发生了明显的改变,演化出许多新的特征。本文首先基于语言学理论分析了地理学语言的语言学内涵,指出在地理学视角下地图语言的概念应当从地图符号转向整个地图体系。在此基础上分析了地图的语言学内涵,阐述了现代地图语言的概念泛化特征,即“内容”泛化和“形式”泛化。其次,本文以地理学语言的视角分析了地图的语音、语义和语法结构,以及地图演化进程中语言结构的演变特征。最后,本文类比语言学中元功能的概念,对地图的语言元功能,即概念、人际和语篇功能进行了剖析,并指出地图演化过程中语言功能发展的新特点,涉及地图的信息载负、信息传播、认知和模拟功能。本文基于语言学视角,对作为地理学语言的地图及其演化过程进行剖析,深化了对地图语言机制的理解,为地理学语言的研究提供了一种新的范式。As the second language of geography,maps have similar structure,function,and property to the natural language.The linguistic mechanisms of the map symbol are the focus of the previous map language research,however,the connotation and characteristics of the map language are still hardly studied from the perspective of geography.Additionally,with the development of information technology and the advent of the big data era,the concept of"panmap"has been proposed and further developed,which brings noticeable changes and new features to the forms and contents of the map representation.Firstly,we analyzed the linguistic connotation of geographical language based on linguistic theory and indicates that,from the perspective of geography,the concept of map language should be shifted from the linguistics of map symbol to the entire map system.Then,we further examined the linguistic connotations of map,and elucidated the concept generalization of the modern map language,specifically,the concept generalization of the"signifier:and"signified".Next,from the perspective of geographical language,we explored the phonetic,semantic,and syntactic structures of map,along with the evolutionary characteristics of language structures during the map evolution process.Finally,we analyzed the meta-functions of map language by analogy with the concept of meta-functions in linguistics,that is ideational function,interpersonal function,and textual function.We also found the new characteristics of functional aspects that emerge during the map evolution,including new features manifested by maps in terms of information carrying,information dissemination,cognitive and simulation function.From the perspective of linguistics,we studied the geographic language property of the map and its evolution,which deepens the understanding of the language mechanisms of maps and offer a new paradigm for research in geographic linguistics.

关 键 词：地理学语言 地图学 地图语言学 地图演化 泛地图 

分 类 号：H004[语言文字—语言学] P28[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]