液氢温区材料拉伸测试装置研制及仿真分析  

Development and Simulation of a Tensile Test Apparatus Down to Liquid Hydrogen Temperature Region

作　　者：王干缘 夏莉 承磊 屈莎莎 黄永华[1] WANG Ganyuan;XIA Li;CHENG Lei;QU Shasha;HUANG Yonghua(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research,Foshan 528251,Guangdong,China;Shanghai Precision Metrology&Test Research Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240 [2]广东省特种设备检测研究院,广东佛山528251 [3]上海精密计量测试研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《真空与低温》2024年第2期134-142,共9页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：广东省市场监督管理局科技项目(2021ZT09)。

摘　　要：为了满足当前液氢工程领域对材料力学性能测试的需求,以两台G-M制冷机为冷源、氦气为载冷介质,设计和研制了一台低温材料拉伸测试装置。该装置可实现14~300 K温区内各类固体材料的拉伸试验。采用液氮预冷的方式,样品降温至14 K用时仅7 h。对试验腔内试件的温度分布进行仿真模拟,结果表明试件的温度梯度主要存在于纵向,而横向没有明显的温差。对316 L不锈钢试样进行多工况拉伸性能测试,可重复性高于97.8%。所得304和316 L不锈钢材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度测试数据与文献数据相比最大相对偏差仅为6.3%,该深冷温区拉伸测试装置具有较高的可靠性和准确性。To meet the requirement of material mechanical properties testing in the field of liquid hydrogen engineering,with two G-M refrigerators as cooling source and gas helium as cooling medium,a tensile test apparatus at cryogenic temperature was designed and developed.It can be applied in the temperature range of 14 K to 300 K and takes only 7 hours to reach the lowest temperature of 14 K by pre-cooling with liquid nitrogen.The temperature distribution of the specimen in the test chamber was simulated.The results showed the temperature gradient of the specimen mainly existed in the longitudinal direction,while there was no temperature difference in the transverse direction.The tensile properties of SS316L and SS304 were measured and compared with literature data.The repeatability of the present data was found to be higher than 97.8%.The maximum relative deviation between the measuring data of yield strength and tensile strength and the literature data was only 6.3%,showing that the test results of the tensile test device have high credibility and accuracy.

关 键 词：低温 G-M制冷机 温度分布均匀性 拉伸测试装置 

分 类 号：TB657[一般工业技术—制冷工程]