流动人口子女流动类型划分与返迁儿童特征研究  

Study on the Classification of the Children's Mobility Types and the Returnee Children's Characteristics of the Floating Population

作　　者：梁海艳 LIANG Haiyan(School of Law and Public Administration,Qujing Normal University,Qujing 655011,China)

机构地区：[1]曲靖师范学院法律与公共管理学院,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《人口与社会》2024年第1期14-26,共13页Population and Society

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金西部项目“地理通婚圈对家庭代际支持功能的影响研究”(21XRK004);“2021年云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目”(202205AC160003);2022年云南省教育厅科学研究基金教师类项目“流动人口族际通婚与多民族家庭关系调适研究”(2023J1017);曲靖师范学院2022年校级创新团队项目“曲靖师范学院易地扶贫搬迁移民社会化与可持续脱贫研究创新团队”;2023年曲靖市社科联·曲靖师范学院哲学社会科学联合专项项目“低生育率背景下曲靖市生育支持政策长效机制研究”(ZSLH2023ZD04)。

摘　　要：随着中国流动人口规模急剧增长及结构深度分化,流动人口后代出现了许多新的变化。借鉴国外移民相关研究理论,对国内流动人口子女实际状况进行比较分析,提出了“返迁儿童”的概念及甄别方法,并将流动人口子女划分为四种类型:留守儿童(Ⅰ类)、随迁儿童(Ⅱ类)、二代流动儿童(Ⅲ类)和返迁儿童(Ⅳ类)。利用2016年和2018年的全国流动人口动态监测数据对四类儿童进行分析,发现四类儿童年龄结构、性别比情况存在明显差异。留守儿童、随迁儿童的年龄偏大;二代流动儿童、返迁儿童的年龄整体偏小。随迁儿童、留守儿童性别比偏高;返迁儿童、二代流动儿童性别比较为均衡。流动人口受教育程度越高,其孩子留守在老家(留守儿童)的比例越低;随着流动人口流动范围的扩大,其子女中随迁儿童和二代流动儿童的比例也逐渐降低。流动人口子女类型分化由户籍制度、流入地社会政策和经济发展水平以及流动人口自身经济水平导致。流入地相关部门应做好资源配置,保障流动人口子女权益;流出地社区也应为留守和返迁儿童与其父母流入地建立沟通机制,助力这些孩子身心健康发展。With the rapid growth of China's floating population and the deep differentiation of its structure,there have been many new changes in the offspring of the floating population.Based on the relevant research theories of foreign immigrants,this paper compares and analyzes the actual situation of the children of the floating population in China,puts forward a concept of "returnee children" and a screening method,and divides the children of the floating population into four types:left-behind children(type Ⅰ),migrant children(type Ⅱ),second-generation migrant children(type Ⅲ) and returnee children(type Ⅳ).By the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2016 and 2018,the four categories of children are analyzed,and the age structure and sex ratio of the four categories of children are found to be significantly different.The overall age of left-behind children and accompanying children is relatively old;the age of second-generation migrant children and returnee children is generally young.The sex ratio of migrant children and left-behind children is higher;The sex ratio of returnee children and second-generation migrant children is more balanced.The higher the education level of the floating population,the lower the proportion of their children left behind in their hometown(left-behind children);With the expansion of the range of the floating population,the proportion of migrant children and second-generation migrant children among their children has gradually decreased.The differentiation of the children of floating population is caused by the household registration system,the social policy and the economic development level of the destination,and the economic level of the floating people.The relevant departments in the inflow areas should do a good job in resource allocation and protect the rights and interests of the children of the floating population.Local communities should also do a good job of communication between left-behind and returnee children and their parents in the immigration places

关 键 词：流动人口子女 二代流动儿童 返迁儿童 留守儿童 随迁儿童 儿童福祉 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学] C913