中国社区高龄老年人跌倒影响因素分析  

Analysis of Factors Associated with Falls among the elderlies in aChinese Community

作　　者：滕卓艳[1] 曹瑶瑶 潘晓东 庞凌凌[1] TENG Zhuo-yan;CAO Yao-yao;PAN Xiao-dong;PANG Ling-ing(No.903 Hospital of the Joint Command and Guarantee Force,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第903医院,杭州310000

出　　处：《伤害医学（电子版）》2023年第4期17-23,共7页Injury Medicine(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的分析中国社区高龄老年人跌倒的影响因素,为跌倒干预策略提供理论依据。方法数据来源于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)中≥80岁的社区高龄老年人,采用描述性统计方法、χ2检验、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析高龄老年人跌倒的现状及其影响因素。结果根据纳入排除标准共纳入9400名高龄老年人,平均年龄为(92.29±7.78)岁,其中男性占比40.07%(3767/9400)。过去一年跌倒及跌倒伤害发生率分别为25.07%(2357/9400)和9.81%(922/9400)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,经济水平差(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.09,1.55);用药数量(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.08,1.17);工具性日常生活活动能力困难(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.20,1.51);基础性日常生活活动能力困难(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.26,1.76);视力困难(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.07,1.32);听力困难(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.09,1.33);焦虑(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.32,1.76);无法完成坐立试验(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.19,1.49);小腿围度下降(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.02,1.30);驼背(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.04,1.27)是跌倒的危险因素。结论我国社区高龄老年人跌倒发生率较高,相关机构应该根据高龄老年人的跌倒风险因素,有针对性地制定干预措施。Objective To analyze influencing factors for falls among the elderlies in China,and to provide a theoretical basis for fall intervention strategies.Methods Data were obtained from the 2018 China health and retirement longitudinal study on influencing factors of older adults health,with the focus onto community-dwelling elderlies≥80 years of age.The descriptive statistical methods,theχ2 test,and the one-way and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the data on falls and their influencing factors.Results A total of 9400 elderlies were included after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Among the elderlies,their mean age was 92.29±7.78 years,and 40.07%(3767/9400)was male.The incidence of falls and fall injuries in the past year was 25.07%(2357/9400)and 9.81%(922/9400),respectively.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that poor economic level(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.09,1.55);number of medications(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.08,1.17);instrumental activities of daily living difficulties(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.20,1.51);basic activities of daily living difficulties(OR=1.49,95%CI:1.26,1.76);visual difficulty(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.07,1.32);hearing difficulty(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.09,1.33);anxiety(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.316,1.76);inability to complete the sit-to-stand test(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.19,1.49);decreased calf circumference(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.02,1.30);and stooping(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.04,1.27)were the risk factors for falls.Conclusion The incidence of falls among the elderlies was high,and relevant organizations should develop targeted interventions which are based on the risk factors for falls among the elderlies.

关 键 词：跌倒 老年人 高龄 影响因素 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]