2013—2022年广州市某综合医院653例医务人员锐器伤发生趋势及特征分析  

Analysis of Sharp Instrument Injuries among Medical Staff in aGeneral Hospital of Guangzhou, 2013 to 2022

作　　者：王恬 林宇坤[1] 岑艺穗 李子焕 林冠文[1] 邹雅[1] WANG Tian;LIN Yu-kun;CEN Yi-sui;LI Zi-huan;LIN Guan-wen;ZOU Ya(Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital,Guangzhou 510310,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省第二人民医院,广州510310

出　　处：《伤害医学（电子版）》2023年第4期24-29,共6页Injury Medicine(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的分析2013—2022年广州市某综合医院医务人员锐器伤特征及分布情况,为制定锐器伤预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析广州市某综合医院2013年1月—2022年12月653例医务人员锐器伤资料,对锐器伤发生率、暴露环节和暴露特征等进行描述,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析锐器伤发生率的时间变化趋势。结果2013—2022年广州市某综合医院医务人员共发生653例锐器伤,锐器伤发生率在1.76%~4.18%之间,平均发生率为2.94%。锐器伤发生率在2013—2016年呈现上升趋势,在2017—2022年呈现下降趋势。科室主要为内科(36.30%)和外科(28.94%),职业主要为护士(41.19%)、实习进修和规培人员(31.24%);年龄在25~35岁者占44.26%,工作年限<5年者占64.47%;主要暴露环节为使用锐器时(63.71%);主要器械为输液器针头(24.04%)和注射器针头(21.29%);暴露病原体主要为乙型肝炎病毒(26.95%);有7名(1.22%)医务人员发生≥3次锐器伤。结论护士、实习进修和规培人员、低年资医务人员是锐器伤的高发人群,主要暴露环节为拔针等使用锐器时。应从院科两级强化年轻与低年资医务人员锐器伤的职业防护培训,提高职业防护意识,规范医疗操作流程,进一步完善职业安全防控与监测体系,以降低锐器伤发生风险。Objective To analyze exposure characteristics and distribution of sharp instrument injuries among medical staff in a general hospital of Guangzhou from January 2013 to December 2022,and to provide scientific basis for prevention of sharp instrument injuries.Methods The data of 653 cases with sharp instrument injuries were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of the injuries,exposure links and exposure characteristics were described,and the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of the incidence of injuries.Results The incidence for the injuries ranged from 1.76%to 4.18%,and the average incidence was 2.94%.The incidence showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2016 and a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2022.The main departments involved were internal medicine(36.30%)and surgery(28.94%),and the main occupations were nurses(41.19%),training and training personnel(31.24%).44.26%were aged 25-35.Among them,64.47%were with less than 5 years of service.The main exposure links were when sharp instruments were used(63.71%).The main instruments were infusion needles(24.04%)and syringe needles(21.29%).The main exposed pathogen was hepatitis B virus(26.95%).There were 7(1.22%)medical staff with 3 or more sharp force injuries.Conclusions Nurses,training and training personnel,and medical staff with low years of experience were high-risk populations for sharp instrument injuries.The main exposure link was during the process of using sharp instruments such as needle extraction.It is necessary to strengthen the occupational protection training of young medical staff and those with short service time at both hospital and department levels,to improve the occupational protection awareness,to standardize the procedures such as medical operation,and to improve the occupational safety prevention and control and monitoring system for reducing the risk of sharp instrument injuries.

关 键 词：医务人员 锐器伤 监测 

分 类 号：R64[医药卫生—外科学]