苏州市电动自行车骑乘者头盔佩戴法规实施对相关创伤事件的影响  

Impact of Mandatory Helmet-Wearing Law for E-Bike Riders onRelated Traumatic Events in Suzhou

作　　者：徐寒冰 叶颖芳 董雪洁 林岐 张琳[1] XU Han-bing;YE Ying-fang;DONG Xue-jie;LIN Qi;ZHANG Lin(Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health,Shanghai 200025,China;Suzhou Emergency Center substation,Suzhou 215002,China;Department of Global Health,Peking University School of Public Health,Beijing 100191,China;Suzhou Emergency Center,Suzhou 215002,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学公共卫生学院,上海200025 [2]苏州市急救中心直属分站,苏州215002 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生系,北京100191 [4]苏州市急救中心,苏州215002

出　　处：《伤害医学（电子版）》2023年第4期36-42,共7页Injury Medicine(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074144);2019年苏州市临床重点病种诊疗技术专项及重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术(研究)资助项目(GWZX201904);2023年国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(202310248137)。

摘　　要：目的明确苏州市驾乘电动自行车佩戴安全头盔法规实施前后,电动自行车相关交通事故流行病学特征和情况变化,为加强针对性干预和政策制定提供科学依据。方法从苏州市急救中心调度系统数据库和院前电子病历系统数据库,收集法规实施前后(2019年8月1日至12月31日和2020年8月1日至12月31日)电动自行车相关交通事故案例,分析比较伤者基本特征、生命体征信息、创伤评分、急救医生判定危重度、创伤部位信息。结果法规实施前后电动自行车骑乘伤者(骑行者与搭乘者)数量为3766例和5324例,占交通事故伤者总数的33.10%和44.20%。在骑乘伤者构成上,法规实施前后电动自行车骑乘伤者男性比例(52.28%VS.52.37%)均多于女性(42.72%VS.47.63%),机动车与电动自行车事故(67.37%VS.69.42%)发生最多;在伤情评价上,其中危重伤者占比有所减少(5.97%VS.5.03%),病情判断构成变化存在统计学差异(χ2=7.85,P=0.04);在损伤部位上,实施前后部位分布有统计学差异(χ2=75.83,P<0.001),其中头面部伤害率有所减少(45.58%VS.33.15%)。结论强制性佩戴安全头盔法规的实施对减少电动自行车骑乘者创伤情况存在积极影响,应针对性开展电动自行车骑乘者头盔佩戴法规的教育普及。Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics and changes of e-bike traffic accidents in Suzhou before and after the helmet-wearing law for e-bike riders was implemented,and to support the targeted interventions and policy development.Methods and Results Cases of e-bike related traffic accidents from two periods(August to December 2019 and August to December 2020)were collected from databases of the dispatching system and pre-hospital electronic medical record system of Suzhou Emergency Center.The proportion of e-bike rider injuries before and after the law was greater for males(52.28%VS.52.37%)than for females(42.72%VS.47.63%),with a significant increase in age(M(IQR):44(30-56)VS.45(30-57),Z2=2.22,P<0.05),and the number of motor vehicle versus e-bike accidents(67.37%VS.69.42%)occurred the most.In terms of the injuries,there was a statistically significant change in the composition of medical condition judgments(χ2=7.85,P=0.04),with the proportion of critically injured riders(5.97%VS.5.03%)decreasing.In terms of injury parts,there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of injury sites before and after the law(χ2=75.83,P<0.001),and the rate of head and face injuries decreased(45.58%VS.33.15%).Conclusions Implementation of the mandatory wearing of safety helmets had a positive impact on the reduction of e-bike riderstrauma,and should be targeted to carry out the education and popularization of e-bike riders'helmet-wearing regulations.

关 键 词：道路交通伤害 电动自行车 事故特征 伤情评价 

分 类 号：D631.5[政治法律—政治学]