水田行间除草装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of an inter-row weeding equipment applied in paddy field

作　　者：焦晋康 胡炼[1,3,4] 陈高隆 涂团鹏 王志敏 臧英 JIAO Jinkang;HU Lian;CHEN Gaolong;TU Tuanpeng;WANG Zhimin;ZANG Ying(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;School of Intelligent Engineering,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan 512005,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Artificial Intelligence(GDKL-AAI),Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Key Technologies for Agricultural Machinery and Equipment for Southern China,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Huangpu Innovation Research Institute of SCAU,Guangzhou 510715,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]韶关学院智能工程学院,韶关512005 [3]广东省农业人工智能重点实验室,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [5]华南农业大学黄埔创新研究院,广州510715

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第24期11-22,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：岭南现代农业实验室科研项目(NT2021009);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212040009)。

摘　　要：为减少化学除草剂的使用,解决现有水田除草机械除草效果差等问题,该研究设计了一种水田行间除草装置,包括压草浮板和除草辊等结构,工作时压草浮板先将压倒杂草,紧接着除草辊将压倒的杂草压入泥中。压草浮板先将杂草压倒,除草辊将杂草压入泥中的几率可提高9.98%。除草辊两端设有倒角,在避免或减少对水稻根系损伤的同时可扩大行间除草区域,最大可增加常规除草宽度的3%。对压草浮板和除草辊进行了参数设计,通过仿真试验分析了行间除草装置与土壤之间的相互作用规律,确定最佳作业条件为入土深度35 mm,前进速度0.8 m/s。以未除草、化学除草、人工除草和不同参数的除草辊为试验因素,以水稻植株高度、产量、产量构成因素和水稻根系参数为试验指标,进行田间试验,试验结果表明,行间除草装置平均除草率最高为87.51%,可以翻动土壤,增加土壤透气性。与常规宽度的除草辊相比,增加除草宽度,扩大行间除草区域最大可提高除草率7.3个百分点。不同的除草处理对水稻植株高度和产量等有显著影响(P<0.05),机械除草可以促进水稻的生长发育,其产量可以达到甚至超过化学除草和人工除草水平。不同参数的除草辊对植株高度、产量和根系等有显著影响(P<0.05),增加除草辊宽度同时两端设倒角,可以减少对水稻根系的损伤,有利于水稻的生长发育,提高水稻产量。研究结果可为水田除草机械装备的研究提供参考。Weeds have posed a serious impact on rice growth and yield in paddy fields.In this study,an inter-row weeding device was designed in the paddy field,including a pressing-weeds floating plate and a weeding roller.The weeding procedure was that the floating plate pushed over the weeds in the inter-row area,and then the weeding roller pressed the weeds into the soil.The probability that the weeding roller pressed the weeds into the soil was improved by 9.98%after the floating plate was pushed over the weeds.Furthermore,the pressing-weeds floating plate was in a closed box structure,which gradually pushed over the weeds,reduced the forward resistance and moved the rice for less damage to the stems and leaves.The weeding roller was composed of weeding discs and weeding cutter teeth.The weeds were pressed into the soil to isolate them from sunlight and air,in order to achieve the purpose of weeding.The two ends of the weeding roller were equipped with the chamfer,in order to reduce the damage to rice roots.The weeding width was expanded by 3%,compared with the regular weeding roller.Some parameters were determined,including the expanded weeding width,chamfer angle,soil depth,root crown root angle and weeding width of the weeding roller.The simulation test was implemented to clarify the interaction between the weeding device and soil.The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out to analyze the effect of the weeding depth and weeding speed on the amount of heaped soil on the floating plate,the amount of soil disturbance,and the force of the floating plate and weeding roller in the horizontal and vertical directions.The interaction relationship between the factors and test indexes was determined by variance significance and response surface method(RSM).As such,the optimal weeding parameters were determined:the weeding depth was 35 mm,and the weeding speed was 0.8 m/s.The field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different weeding modes on the plant height,yield,and roots of rice.Four tr

关 键 词：农业机械 产量 行间除草 水田 除草率 水稻根系 

分 类 号：S224.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]