不同氮肥在石灰性潮土中的转化及ATS对尿素氮转化的调控效应  

Transformation characteristics of different nitrogen fertilizers and the regulatory effect of ATS on urea-N transformation in calcareous-fluvo-aquic soil

作　　者：王硕 孙梦宇 李长青 孙志梅[1] WANG Shuo;SUN Mengyu;LI Changqing;SUN Zhimei(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecology and Environment of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071000 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,保定071000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第24期100-108,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901004)。

摘　　要：根据氮肥施入土壤后的转化特性进行氮肥的高效调控和管理是提高氮肥利用效率、缓解氮肥污染的重要措施。为探究不同氮肥在石灰性潮土中的转化特性差异及硫代硫酸铵(ammonium thiosulfate,ATS)作为氮肥调控剂对尿素氮转化的影响,该研究采用室内土壤培养(土壤水分含量为田间持水量的60%,温度25℃)试验方法,以尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铵和ATS作为供试肥料,比较4种氮肥施入石灰性潮土后的转化特性差异,并以ATS作为氮素调控剂,以单施尿素作为对照,探究尿素配施不同用量ATS对尿素氮转化的影响。结果表明,4种供试氮肥在石灰性潮土中的转化过程明显不同。尿素在石灰性潮土中的水解速率快,硝化作用强度也最高,硫酸铵其次;氯化铵由于Cl^(−)的硝化抑制作用,土壤表观硝化率在7~21 d显著低于尿素和硫酸铵(P<0.05);ATS施入土壤后,NH_(4)^(+)-N转化为NO_(2)^(−)-N的速率最高,而NO_(2)^(−)-N转化为NO_(3)^(−)-N的速率最低,NH_(4)^(+)-N在土壤中的存留时间最长,出现峰值之后也一直保持最高的含量,表观硝化率最低。将ATS作为氮素调控剂与尿素配合施用,当其用量在60 mg/kg(含S量)以上时,既表现出了明显的抑制尿素水解的作用效果,也表现出了显著的硝化抑制作用(P<0.05),且随着ATS用量的增加,抑制效应明显增强。这对于减少氮素损失,提高氮肥利用效率具有积极意义。但供试4种氮肥施入土壤后均出现了亚硝酸盐的累积,其中ATS处理的累积量显著高于尿素、硫酸铵和氯化铵(P<0.05),累积持续时间也最长。ATS作为氮素调控剂调控氮素转化,也出现了类似的结果,且随着ATS用量增加,亚硝酸盐在土壤中存留时间明显延长,含量和峰值明显提高,出现峰值的时间也明显延后。High-efficient regulation and management of nitrogen fertilizers based on their transformation characteristics in soil is one of the most important measures to enhance fertilizer utilization efficiency for less pollution.In this study,two incubation experiments(with soil moisture content at 60%of field water holding capacity and temperature at 25°C)were conducted to explore the transformation of different nitrogen fertilizers in the calcareous-fluvo-aquic soil and the effects of ammonium thiosulfate(ATS)as a regulator on urea-N transformation.Four types of nitrogen fertilizers(namely urea,ammonium sulfate,ammonium chloride,and ammonium thiosulfate(ATS))were used as nitrogen sources.Soil samples were collected at regular intervals to determine the contents of soil NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(−)-N and NO_(3)^(−)-N.At the same time,five treatments were set to investigate the regulatory effect of ATS on urea-N transformation:1)CK(no nitrogen fertilizer applied);2)U(urea only);3)U+ATS1(ATS added at 30 mg/kg sulfur content):4)U+ATS2(ATS added at 60 mg/kg sulfur content);5)U+ATS3(ATS added at 90 mg/kg sulfur content).Finally,an analysis was performed on the dynamic changes of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(−)-N and NO_(3)^(−)-N.The results showed that there were significant differences in the transformation process among different types of nitrogen fertilizers in calcareous-fluvo-aquic soil.Among them,urea performed the highest hydrolysis rate and nitrification intensity,followed by ammonium sulfate.The soil treated with ammonium chloride shared a lower apparent nitrification rate than that of urea and ammonium sulfate(P<0.05)from 7 to 21 days,due to the inhibitory effect of Cl^(−)on soil nitrification.However,the ATS treatment showed the lowest NH_(4)^(+)-N content within the first 7 days of incubation,which should be beneficial to reduce ammonia volatilization in the initial period of fertilizer application.While the opposite result was found after 7 days of incubation.Soil NH_(4)^(+)-N content in the treatment with ATS was

关 键 词：土壤 氮肥 氮素转化 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 硫代硫酸铵(ATS) 

分 类 号：S143.16[农业科学—肥料学]