古文论形式批评的意义检视与体系构想  

Reviewing the Meaning and Conceptualizing the System of Criticism of Form in Ancient Literary Theory

作　　者：汪涌豪[1] 王涛 Wang Yonghao;Wang Tao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2024年第1期162-182,207,208,共23页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：中国古文论研究中史料存量与理论阐释存在失衡情况,其中有关文学形式讨论的被忽视,更加剧了这种不平衡。古文论中依门、势、格、法等名目,就各体文类声韵、格律、体段、调式等技术要素的形式讨论,植基于汉语特性,深契传统文学的程式化特征,对开显古文论的价值深具意义。古人的形式讨论一般围绕“声”“色”并依托“体裁”“句调”展开,由此凝定为固定的概念、范畴,其中“共名”互为指述,“别名”独证专门,兼有跨类存在,衍生理论意义。若能基于传统文化,对其生成衍变与施用原则作综合通观,则古代文学的创作肌理和审美旨趣就能被完整地掌握,与古人“结心”的文论史的出现就有可能成为现实。The study of ancient Chinese literary theory suffers from an imbalance between the stock of historical materials and their theoretical interpretation,an imbalance that is exacerbated by neglect of the discussion of literary form.In ancient literary theory,discussion of the formal technical elements of each type of text,under the subjects of men,shi,ge,and fa,covers phonology,rhythm,paragraph and intonation on the basis of the characteristics of the Chinese language.It is closely aligned with the programmatic features of traditional literature,and its revelation of the value of ancient literary theory is highly significant.Discussion of form generally revolved around"sound"and"color"and was pursued through"genre"and"sentence intonation."Hence these became fixed concepts,categories,and so on,in which"gong ming"indicated shared notion,whereas"bie ming"specified unique notion;these crossed categories and derived theoretical meanings.Taking a comprehensive view of the principles of generation,evolution and application based on traditional culture will enable us to grasp the creative texture and aesthetic purport of ancient literature and make possible the realization of the emergence of a literary history in which we have a"meeting of the minds"with the ancients.

关 键 词：形式讨论 汉语性 生声色仁 体裁 找句调 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]