再造天竺:东亚视域下日本中世王权与“佛国土”的建构  

The Kingship of Japan and the Construction of the Buddhist Utopia in the Middle Ages

作　　者：康昊 Kang Hao

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第6期38-49,157,共13页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“古代中日佛教外交研究”(项目编号:19ASS007);上海市哲学社会科学青年项目“东亚海域‘宋钱经济圈’研究:10—14世纪”(项目编号:2022ELS004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：再造天竺,是印度佛教衰落背景下日本中世王权神圣性建构的一种形态。即以“转轮王”观念为核心,通过大规模的造寺建塔、抄经埋经、搜集佛教重宝等活动,将平安京及日本列岛塑造为“转轮王”治下的“佛国土”。再造天竺的意识和实践在东亚具有一定的普遍性,东亚部分政权有与日本类似的寻求作为“想象异域”的天竺,谋求吸收天竺圣地性的宗教和政治实践。再造天竺也是促使日本中世王权与显密佛教密切结合,使中世王权佛教化转型的背景之一。日本中世王权的“再造天竺”实践虽呈现对外的自中心意识的特征,却更多地以对内统治为目的,缺乏国际竞争或文化竞赛的意识,其首要目的是借用显密佛教思想塑造中世王权的超越性权威,获取在中世主从秩序和权门体制中的更高影响力,构建神圣化的王权。‘Rebuilding India'is a form of the sacred and orthodox construction of the imperial power in medieval Japan under the background of the decline of the Indian Buddhism.More specifically,the capital Heiankyo and the Japanese archipelago were shaped as the‘land of Buddha'under the rule of Cakravartiraja.This kind of consciousness was quite universal.It was the religious and political practice of various regimes attempting to absorb the sanctity of India.Moreover,it was one of the backgrounds under which the medieval Japanese monarchy and Buddhism combined closely.Despite being characterised by a central consciousness towards the outside world,the‘rebuilding India'of the medieval Japanese monarchy paid more attention to the goal of the internal rule,with the primary purpose of shaping the transcendental authority of the medieval monarchy and acquiring its higher influence in the system of the ruling elites(Kenmon Taisei).

关 键 词：东亚 日本中世王权 再造天竺 佛国土 转轮王 

分 类 号：K313.3[历史地理—历史学] B949.313[历史地理—世界史] D731.3[哲学宗教—宗教学]