2011—2021年东北春谷区谷子选育品种现状分析  

Current Situation Analysis of Millet Breeding Varieties from the Spring-Sowing Region in Northeast China in 2011—2021

作　　者：董晓杰 李志江[1] 马金丰[1] 于金海[1] 李祥羽[1] 孙广全[1] 郑雅潞 DONG Xiaojie;LI Zhijiang;MA Jinfeng;YU Jinhai;LI Xiangyu;SUN Guangquan;ZHENG Yalu(Crop Resources Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第1期57-65,125,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001705-3);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新项目;黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B009-02);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业特色产业科技创新支撑项目;国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B22)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对2011—2021年东北春谷区选育品种的产量性状及农艺性状进行分析,明确该区域谷子育种现状及存在的问题,为东北春谷区新品种选育、示范推广及资源利用等方面提供理论指导。【方法】利用SPSS 23.0软件对东北春谷区2011—2021年间国家谷子品种区域试验参试品种及通过国家非主要农作物登记品种的生育期、公顷穗数、株高、穗长、单穗重、单穗粒重、出谷率、千粒重和产量等性状进行相关分析及总体评价。【结果】2011—2021年东北春谷区选育的品种在产量上有增加的趋势,但产量潜力提升不显著;登记的品种中产量最高的是九谷23和九谷25,分别为6498.00和6357.00 kg/hm^(2);与对照品种产量相比,增产幅度最大的品种是豫杂谷1号和豫谷35,分别为12.98%和12.21%;株高低于150 cm的品种有26个,株高低于130 cm的品种有20个;多元逐步回归分析表明,公顷穗数(X_(2))、穗长(X_(4))、单穗粒重(X_(6))、千粒重(X_(8))决定了产量91.20%的变异;相关分析表明,公顷穗数、株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率和千粒重与产量呈极显著正相关,其中单穗重和单穗粒重对产量影响最大。【结论】东北春谷区选育的新品种在产量、株高等方面取得了一定的进展,在今后品种选育过程中,应注意各性状之间的关联性,培育综合性及各性状之间协调性较强的谷子新品种。【Objective】By analyzing the yield and agronomic traits of selected varieties in spring-sowing region in Northeast China from 2011 to 2021,the current situation and existing problems of millet breeding in the region are clarified,providing theoretical guidance for new variety selection,demonstration and promotion,and resource utilization in spring-sowing region in Northeast China.【Method】Using SPSS 23.0 software,correlation analysis and overall evaluation were conducted on growth period,panicle number per hectare,plant height,panicle length,single panicle weight,grain weight per panicle,grain yield,1000 grain weight,yield and other characters of lines from the national millet variety regional trial and national non major crop registered varieties in spring-sowing region in Northeast China from 2011 to 2021.【Result】The results indicate that the varieties selected in spring-sowing region in Northeast China from 2011 to 2021 have an increasing trend in yield,but the increase in yield potential is not significant.Among the registered cultivars,Jiugu 23 and Jiugu 25 had the highest yield,which were 6498.00 kg/hm^(2)and 6357.00 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Compared with the control cultivars,those with the largest yield increase were Yuzagu 1 and Yugu 35,which were 12.98%and 12.21%,respectively;plant height of 26 cultivars was less than 150 cm and that of 20 ones was less than 130 cm;multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the yield variation of 91.20%was determined by the number of panicles per hectare(X_(2)),panicle length(X_(4)),grain weight per panicle(X_(6))and 1000 grain weight(X8);Correlation analysis showed that the number of panicles per hectare,plant height,weight per panicle,grain weight per panicle,grain yield and 1000 grain weight had a very significantly positive correlation to yield,among which the weight per panicle and grain weight per panicle had the greatest impact on yield.【Conclusion】The results suggested that the new cultivars bred in spring-sowing region in Northeast China have

关 键 词：春谷区 谷子 产量 农艺性状 相关分析 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]