减量施肥对牧草/烤烟轮作系统中产量和土壤养分的影响  

Effect of Reduced Fertilizer Application on Yield and Soil Nutrients in a Forage/Tobacco Rotation System

作　　者：贾雪杰 游明鸿[2] 李达旭[2] 董志晓 李英主 雷雄[2] 余青青[1] 张建波[2] 马啸[1] JIA Xuejie;YOU Minghong;LI Daxu;DONG Zhixiao;LI Yingzhu;LEI Xiong;YU Qingqing;ZHANG Jianbo;MA Xiao(College of Grassland Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science,Chengdu 611731,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学草业科技学院,成都611130 [2]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611731

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第1期166-173,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2022YFD1100207);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-34);四川省饲草创新团队(SCCXTD-2020-16);肉牛创新团队(SCCXTD-20-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探究轮作与减量施肥对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)产量及土壤养分的影响,优化牧草-烤烟轮作施肥量。【方法】2018年9月—2020年9月,采用双因素完全随机区组设计,选择3种栽培模式,分别为烤烟单播连作(A0)、光叶紫花苕(Viciavillosa Rothvar)-烤烟(A1)和光叶紫花苕+燕麦(Avena sativa)-烤烟(A2);3种不同基肥施肥量,分别为牧草地施羊粪7500 kg/hm^(2)(B1)、烟草地单施烟草专用肥600 kg/hm^(2)(B2)和牧草地施羊粪3750 kg/hm^(2)-烟草地施专用肥300 kg/hm^(2)(B3)。【结果】A2B3牧草产量最高,较同年产量最低处理(A1B2)增产31.62%%~42.07%;轮作土壤pH较试验前降低15.87%,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量也较试验前分别增加4.58%、16.08%、13.78%、23.81%、51.09%、17.92%和24.78%。【结论】合理的牧草-烤烟轮作施肥(A2B3)不仅可增加轮作产量,且对提高烟叶质量以及改善土壤养分也有显著作用。但若要获得较高烤烟产量,推荐A2B3后作烤烟施肥量应为313.05~334.95 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】This study is to explore the effects of crop rotation and reduced fertilizer application on crop yield and soil nutrients as a means of optimizing the amount of fertilizer applied to the forage-tobacco rotation.【Method】The study was conducted from September 2018 to September 2020 using a twofactor completely randomized block group design with three cultivation patterns selected:single-sown continuous crop of flue-cured tobacco(A0),Viciavillosa Rothvar-flue-cured tobacco(A1)and Viciavil⁃losa Rothvar+oats-flue-cured tobacco(A2);three fertilization methods:pasture and sheep manure 7500 kg/hm^(2)(B1),tobacco alone with special fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)(B2)and pasture with sheep manure 3750 kg/hm^(2)-tobacco with special fertilizer 300 kg/hm^(2)(B3).【Result】The results showed that in the two years of the experiment,the yield of A2B3 forage grass was the highest,which was increased by 31.62%to 42.07%compared with the treatment with the lowest yield in the same year.After two years of rotation,soil pH decreased by 15.87%,and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium contents increased by about 4.58%,16.08%,13.78%,23.81%,51.09%,17.92%and 24.78%,respectively.Soil nutrient contents varied greatly.【Conclusion】Proper fertilization of the forage-roasted tobacco rotation(A2B3)not only increases the yield of the rotation,but also has a significant effect on improving the quality of the tobacco leaves and improving soil nutrients.However,the recommended fertilizer application rate for A2B3 followed by roasted tobacco should be 313.05-334.95 kg/hm^(2)to obtain high roasted tobacco yields.

关 键 词：光叶紫花苕/燕麦-烤烟 施肥 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S54[农业科学—作物学]