无线传感器网络节点定位算法优化研究  

Optimization of node location algorithms in wireless sensor networks

作　　者：段林妍 DUAN Linyan(Institute of Computer Science of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省计算机研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《技术与市场》2024年第2期59-62,共4页Technology and Market

摘　　要：无线传感器网络中,需要对节点的位置进行准确描述,才能确保采集数据的准确性。因此,节点定位计算是无线传感器网络中的核心问题,目前实际应用较多的节点定位算法是DV-Hop算法。DV-Hop定位算法的核心思路是基于距离矢量路由计算,通过节点之间的跳数和平均跳距的乘积来表示节点之间的距离。传统的DV-Hop算法在各向同性网络环境中获得较好的定位效果,但在节点随机分布的网络环境中,由于平均跳距计算误差大、用直线路径代替实际路径等原因,存在较大的定位误差。DV-Hop定位算法的改进思路主要通过对节点通信距离进行取样,较多依赖于实际工程经验进行取值,但这种方法使改进后的算法场景适应能力较弱。通过建立任意锚节点的平均每跳距离均方误差优化数学模型,修正全网平均每跳距离,使其能接近真实值,从而降低误差,提高精度。仿真分析证实了优化改进算法的有效性。In wireless sensor networks,it is necessary to accurately describe the position of nodes in order to ensure the accuracy of data collection.Node localization calculation is a core issue in wireless sensor networks,and the DV-Hop algorithm is currently widely used in practical applications.The core idea of the DV-Hop localization algorithm is based on distance vector routing calculation,using the product of the number of hops between nodes and the average hop distance to represent the distance between nodes.The traditional DV-Hop algorithm achieves good positioning performance in isotropic network environments.However,in network environments with randomly distributed nodes,there are significant positioning errors due to large calculation errors in average hop distance and the use of straight paths instead of actual paths.The improvement idea of the DV-Hop localization algorithm is mainly through sampling the communication distance of nodes,which mostly relies on actual engineering experience for values.However,this method makes the improved algorithm less adaptable to scenarios.This article establishes an optimized mathematical model for the mean square error of the average distance per hop of any anchor node,corrects the average distance per hop of the entire network,and makes the estimated distance per hop of the entire network closer to the actual average distance per hop,thereby improving positioning accuracy.The method proposed in this article is widely applicable in various scenarios.Simulation analysis confirms the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 节点定位算法 DV-HOP算法 均方误差 

分 类 号：TP212.9[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TN929.5[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]