“重命”与“伪道义”:东晋南朝“荒政”制度新论  

“Heavy Life”and“False morality”:a New Theory of the“Famine Policy”System in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：潘嘉晖 PAN Jia-hui(College of History and Culture,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期132-142,共11页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目编号:17BZS009):魏晋南北朝社会阶层研究。

摘　　要：由于“天灾”“人祸”的双重打击,促使东晋南朝时期的“荒政”制度呈现出“多样化”“体系化”的发展趋势。这一制度有着鲜明的“重命”色彩。君王们之所以重视民命,客观上与“天灾”“人祸”这一因素有关,更重要的是主观上受儒、佛、道三家思想综合影响下所形成之帝王“重命”观的影响所致。该观念一经产生便深刻影响了其时“荒政”的制定与社会的发展。然而,君主观念上的重视民命,并不意味着其实际行动就一定“民本”“道义”。这一时期的“荒政”制度自其制定与执行伊始,便具有帝王权术运作用以安定民心之“把戏”的性质。虽然其对当时社会在备灾、防灾、救灾、抗灾以及对于民命的保护等方面发挥了巨大的作用,但这并不能掩盖深藏于其下君主维护王朝的“政权合法性”之目的。Due to the dual impact of natural disasters and man-made disasters,the“famine relief”system during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties period showed a trend of“diversification”and“systematization”.This system has a distinct“heavy mandate”color.The reason why monarchs attach great importance to people s lives is objectively related to the factors of“natural disasters”and“man-made disasters”,and more importantly,subjectively influenced by the comprehensive influence of Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,resulting in the emperor s view of“valuing life”.This concept had a profound impact on the formulation of famine relief policies and the development of society at that time.However,the emphasis on people s livelihood in the concept of monarchy does not necessarily mean that their actual actions are“people-oriented”or“moral”.The system of“famine relief”during this period had the nature of a“trick”of using imperial power to stabilize people s hearts since its formulation and implementation.Although it played a huge role in disaster preparedness,prevention,relief,resistance,and protection of people s lives in the society at that time,this cannot conceal the purpose of the monarch s maintenance of the legitimacy of the dynasty.

关 键 词：东晋南朝 荒政 “重命”观 “伪”道义 政权合法性 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]