羽卫黄昏:崇祯朝与南明时期勇卫营研究  

The Dusk of the Palace Guards:A Study of Yongwei Guard During the Chongzhen Dynasty and the Nanming Regime

作　　者：吴志远[1] 蔡杰 WU Zhiyuan;CAI Jie(School of History,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期38-46,共9页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：勇卫营设置于明末崇祯年间,由四卫营、勇士营改编而成,是崇祯帝即位后京营改革的关键一环。勇卫营虽称天子禁卫,却常年四方作战,或北御清兵,或南征流寇,战果颇著,是明廷倚重的重要军事力量。崇祯十五年(1642年),督理勇卫营太监刘元斌因“杀良冒功”被崇祯帝诛杀,成为勇卫营重要的转折点。“杀良冒功”并非刘被杀的真正原因,是否存在杀良冒功之事亦存疑,这恰是崇祯朝政治气氛的独有特色。甲申之变后,南明各政权亦设勇卫营,但其战斗力不可与崇祯朝勇卫营相论,且常成为各方夺权斗争的主角,其命运与各政权兴衰息息相关,并最终与南明政权一起灭亡。勇卫营的历史是晚明军事史的重要组成部分,见证了晚明政局的发展变迁,也是晚明朝廷政治公信力崩溃的真实体现。The Yongwei Guard was established during the Chongzhen dynasty,and was adapted from the Four Guards Camp and the Warrior Guards.It was a key part of the reform of the capital camp after the accession of Emperor Chongzhen.Although the Yongwei Guard was known as the Emperor's Forbidden Guard,it had been fighting in all directions all year round,either defending the Qing army in the north or conquering bandits in the south,with remarkable results.It was an important military force relied on by the Ming dynasty.In the fifteenth year of the Chongzhen of the Ming dynasty(1642),Liu Yuanbin,the eunuch who ruled the Yongwei Guard,was executed by Emperor Chongzhen for his“killing people for gather Greedy work”,which became an important turning point for the Yongwei Guard.The true reason for Liu's murder was not the act of“killing people for gather Greedy works”.It was also questionable whether there was any such act,which was a unique feature of the political atmosphere of the Chongzhen dynasty.After the Jiashen Rebellion,various regimes in the Southern Ming dynasty also established Yongwei Guard,but their combat power could not be compared to that of the Chongzhen dynasty,and they often became the protagonist in the struggle for power among all parties.Their fate was closely related to the rise and fall of various regimes,and ultimately perished together with the Southern Ming regime.The history of Yongwei Guard was an important component of the military history of the late Ming dynasty,witnessing the development and changes of the political situation,and also a true reflection of the collapse of the political credibility of the late Ming dynasty.

关 键 词：勇卫营 崇祯帝 南明 政治斗争 

分 类 号：K248.3[历史地理—历史学]