Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global review of the status,processes,challenges,and remedial measures  

作　　者：E.Shaji K.V.Sarath M.Santosh P.K.Krishnaprasad B.K.Arya Manisha S.Babu 

机构地区：[1]Department of Geology,University of Kerala,Kariavattom Campus,Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala 695581,India [2]School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),29 Xueyuan Road,Beijing 100083,China [3]Department of Earth Science,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia [4]Department of Geology,Central University of Kerala,Tejaswini Hills,Periye,Kasaragod,Kerala 671316,India

出　　处：《Geoscience Frontiers》2024年第2期1-29,共29页地学前缘（英文版）

摘　　要：Groundwater pollution by fluoride is one of the prime concerns of the world population due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health impacts.In this paper,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe and its impact on human health.During the last decade,several newly affected regions have been reported all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the acceptable limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride poisoning is mainly due to the unsupervised ingestion of products for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drinking water.It is estimated that more than 200 million people from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health problems.The highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europe(24),followed by countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is primarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthropogenic sources.These countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geospatial relations.Our analyses show that most of the fluoride pollution-prone zones are located in high-grade metamorphic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot springs,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic conditions.This study also finds that children across the globe are more vulnerable than adults to fluoride contamination.The review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique developed that can claim to be a practically robust solution for fluoride removal from drinking water.Therefore,we suggest developing next-generation filters that can retain essential minerals in water and remove only harmful ones and se

关 键 词：FLUORIDE GROUNDWATER Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones REMEDIATION Sustainable Development Goals 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]