丛枝菌根真菌在提高植物抗逆性与土壤改良中的作用与机制研究进展  

Role and mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing plant stress resistance and soil improvement:a review

作　　者：杨沐 郭寰 段国珍 王占林[2,3] 樊光辉 李建领[2,3] YANG Mu;CUO Hua;DUAN Guozhen;WANG Zhanlin;FAN Guanghui;LI Jianling(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,University of Qinghai,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,University of Qinghai,Xining 810016,China;Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding of Qinghai Plateau,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海高原林木遗传育种实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2024年第2期164-172,共9页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:41761055;青海省科技厅应用基础研究青年项目,编号:2021-ZJ-962Q。

摘　　要：【目的】为深入了解植物抗逆性及土壤生态修复的机制,开展丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在分子水平上的研究,以实现对植物生长发育及抗逆性和土壤生态改良的精准调控。【研究现状】综述AMF对宿主植物抗逆性和土壤生态改良的影响,概括AMF抵御生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的作用机制,总结AMF在非侵染性病害、土壤生态结构改良等方面的作用机制和实际应用潜力。【展望】提出AMF在植物抗逆性提升与土壤生态结构改良方面的作用是生态学与农学研究的热点,继续研究AMF如何在分子层面影响植物的应激反应、免疫机制、与土壤微生物相互作用等方面的具体机制;AMF在不同植物种类、土壤类型和环境条件下的适用性也需要深入研究。未来的研究应更加侧重AMF与植物互作的分子机制,特别是AMF在基因调控和信号传导方面的作用;探索AMF在干旱、高盐、重金属污染等极端环境下的功能多样性和适应性;AMF作为一种新兴的有机菌肥,将有助于推动农业的可持续发展,为应对全球农业面临的挑战提供新的解决方案。Significance Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi( AMF) represent an ancient group of endomycorrhizal fungi capable of forming symbiotic associations with over 90% of vascular plants in terrestrial ecosystems. AMF hyphae contribute to the acquisition of mineral nutrients by host plant roots and improve soil ecological structure. Following AMF colonization of host plants, the activation of defense mechanisms in host plants enhances resistance against pathogens. Additionally, AMF occupation of colonization sites reduces the invasion of pathogens. These achievements have demonstrated significant efficacy in plant disease control, indicating promising prospects for practical applications. Hence, it is imperative to systematically synthesize the mechanisms underlying disease resistance in the context of AMF and their host plants, as well as the reciprocal interactions influencing soil ecological amelioration by AMF. This endeavor aims to contribute novel perspectives to sustainable agricultural development and serve as a theoretical foundation for pertinent studies in the fields of plant-soil feedback effects and carbon-nitrogen cycling within terrestrial ecosystems.Progress In this work,AMF are explored for their roles in enhancing plant nutrition, facilitating damage compensation, extending plant lifespan, and influencingfactors such as competition for root colonization sites and host photosynthate with soil-borne pathogens. This paper delves into thefunctionsof AMF in promotingplant growth and improving soil ecological structure. Particularly, it focuses on their contributions to enhancing plant resistance to diseases, improving soil physical properties, and promoting soil biodiversity. AMF engage in interactions with other soil microorganisms, thereby facilitating the decomposition of organic compounds and the cycling of nutrients, which has profound ramifications on the health and stability of ecosystems. The pivotal role of AMF in soil remediation and the enhancement of soil ecological structure cannot be overstated. Th

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 抗逆性 土壤改良 土壤团粒 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学] TB4[一般工业技术]