老龄积极劳动心理的制度塑造机理与优化路径  

Institutional Shaping Mechanism and Optimization Path of Establishing a Positive Aging Workforce Mindset

作　　者：林熙[1] 林义[2] LIN Xi;LIN Yi

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院 [2]西南财经大学老龄化与社会保障研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第1期143-156,共14页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于系统观念的多层次社会保障制度创新与政策协同研究”(项目编号:23ZDA099);国家社会科学基金一般项目“弹性延迟退休与老龄多元就业的协同优化研究”(项目编号:2023BSH097)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：鼓励老龄群体劳动参与是践行积极老龄观的核心举措,但如何立足老龄群体的内生劳动积极性设计制度激励,是尚未破解的难题。老龄劳动心理和老龄劳动环境具有相互作用。受既往制度引导,老龄群体已形成“老则应退”的劳动参与心理。塑造积极有为的老龄劳动心理需要系统化的制度改革,通过自愿化、可控化、过程化的工作—退休机制设计,赋予老龄群体更加灵活自主的老龄生涯选择空间,从而实现有效的心理赋能,促进老龄劳动者形成符合其生命历程特征的工作重塑,帮助老龄劳动者在多元化的劳动—退休过渡过程中找到符合自身内在愿景的老龄劳动参与形式。促进工作和退休的有机融合与灵活转化在许多国家已形成改革共识,我国在布局积极应对人口老龄化国家战略过程中,也应以激活老龄积极劳动心理为目标,通过退休政策、养老金制度、老龄就业环境、老龄就业支持的系统性优化,引导老龄群体实现从工作到退休的弹性过渡。Encouraging labor participation among the elderly is a fundamental measure to practice a positive view of aging.However,the challenge lies in how to design institutional incentives based on the intrinsic labor supply willingness of the elderly,a puzzle that has yet to be solved.The mindset of elderly labor and the elderly work environment interact with each other.Guided by past systems,the elderly have developed a mindset of “retire getting old” regarding labor participation.Shaping a proactive and constructive aging workforce mindset requires systematic institutional reforms.Through the voluntary,controllable,and procedural design of the work-retirement transition mechanism,the elderly are endowed with a more flexible and autonomous space for aging career choices.This,in turn,achieves effective psychological empowerment,promotes the job crafting that aligns with their life course characteristics,and helps elderly workers find forms of aging labor participation that correspond with their intrinsic visions during the diversified labor-retirement transition.Practice has shown that promoting the integration and flexible transformation of work and retirement have become a consensus in many countries undergoing reforms.In the process of strategically addressing the challenges posed by an aging population,China should also aim to activate a positive elderly labor psychology.This can be achieved through the systematic optimization of retirement policies,pension systems,the elderly employment environment,and support for elderly employment.These measures can guide the elderly population in achieving a flexible transition from work to retirement.

关 键 词：老龄劳动心理 老龄劳动参与 工作—退休灵活化 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]